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Volume-3 (2004);
Issue 3 (July-September) Published on Oct 18, 2004
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2004;3-1 -
Editorial |
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Krishna Prasad.
Cancer Screening |
Abstract:
Cancer screening is a means to detect cancer early with the goal of
decreasing morbidity and mortality. At present, there is a reasonable
consensus regarding screening for breast, cervical and colorectal cances and
the role of screening is under trial in case of cancers of the lung,
ovaries and prostate. On the other hand, good screening tests are not
available for some of the commonest cancers in India like the oral,
pharyngeal, esophageal and stomach cancers.
Key words: Cancer screening; Tumor
markers |
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This Article |
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2004;3-2
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Epidemiology |
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Quirk JT, Natarajan N,
Mettlin CJ.. Risk Factors for Invasive Epithelial Ovarian
Cancer by Histologic Subtype. |
Abstract:
It is unclear whether the different
histologic subtypes of epithelial ovarian carcinoma have different risk factors. We
investigated the relationships between selected epidemiologic variables (i.e., parity,
family history of ovarian cancer, oral contraceptive use, a history of tubal ligation and
noncontraceptive estrogen use) and the major histologic subtypes of epithelial ovarian
cancer in a hospital-based case-control study of adult women at Roswell Park Cancer
Institute in Buffalo, NY, USA. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression models were
used for statistical analysis. We observed a pattern of increased risk associated with
family history and a pattern of risk reduction associated with parity, noncontraceptive
estrogen use and tubal ligation across all histologic subtype groups. However, we did not
observe a consistent pattern of risk associated with oral contraceptive use. These results
provide some additional support for the hypothesis that the effects of various ovarian
cancer risk factors may differ according to the histologic subtype.
Key words: Epithelial ovarian cancer, Histology, Epidemiology, Case-control study |
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This Article |
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2004;3-3 -
Short
Report |
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Igwe CU, Ikaraoha CI,
Ogunlewe JO, Nwobu GO, Duru LAD, Mokogwu ATH.
The Study Of Serum Prostate Specific
Antigen And Phosphatase Isoenzymes Activity As Diagnostic Parameters In Patients With
Prostate Cancer In Nigeria. |
Abstract:
Serum activities of Acid Phosphatase (ACP)
and Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP) are still employed in most hospitals in Nigeria for
the diagnosis of prostate cancer, because of lack of resources for prostate specific
antigen (PSA) assay. Serum PSA and activities of phosphatase isoenzymes ACP and PAP,
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Heat stable Alkaline Phosphatase (HSAP) were studied in 71
apparently healthy male controls and 47 proven prostate cancer patients. There were
statistically significant increases in the mean serum levels of PSA, PAP, ACP, ALP and
HSAP in the prostate cancer patients compared to the controls (P<0.001). PSA level was
increased above the cut-off level in 85.1% of patients, PAP in 66.0%, ACP in 57.5%, ALP in
34.0% and HSAP in 21.3% of cases. Serum levels of PSA, ACP and PAP were lower and of ALP
and HSAP higher in patients with longer duration of the disease (P<0.05). The study
confirms the relevance of PSA assay over ACP, PAP, ALP and HSAP in the diagnosis of
prostate cancer patients. It highlights the need for the inclusion of PSA assay in
hospitals for accurate diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma..
Key words: Prostate Cancer, Prostate specific antigen, Acid phosphatase, Nigeria |
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This Article |
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2004;3-4
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Epidemiology |
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Nwobu GO, Okodua MA,
Tatfeng YM. Comparative Study of HIV Associated Pulmonary
Tuberculosis in Chest Clinics from Two Regions of Edo State, Nigeria |
Abstract:
A comparative study of HIV associated pulmonary tuberculosis (HIV-PTB) was carried out in
Chest Clinics situated in Benin and Irrua environs of Edo State, Nigeria, using
microscopical and serological methods. In Irrua environs, HIV-PTB co-infection is higher
in females (12.5%) than in males (9.2%) but not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
In Benin, HIV-PTB is also higher in females (11.3%) than in males (7.2%) but not
statistically significant (P > 0.05). In Benin, PTB is statistically high among <20
years and 21–30 years old subjects (50% and 28.7% respectively, P < 0.05), while
HIV is statistically high among age group 31–40 years and 41.50 years (23.5% and
27.9% respectively, P < 0.05). HIV-PTB co-infection is also statistically high among
drivers and traders (13.8% and 12.6% respectively, P < 0.05) in Benin. Generally, there
is no significant difference in the prevalence of HIV, PTB and HIV-PTB infection rate in
the two regions when sex and occupation of the subjects are considered (P > 0.05).
However, subjects of > 60 years old have a significantly higher PTB disease in
Benin than their counterpart in Irrua (28.6% and 0% respectively, P < 0.05).
Key words: HIV, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Edo State |
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