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Volume-5 (2006);
Issue 2 (Apr-Jun) Published on Sep 11, 2006
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2006;2-1
Original Article |
Ghouth SB, Bahaj AA.
Prevalence and attitudes
of smoking among secondary school teachers in Hadramout coastal districts,
Yemen |
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Abstract:
A descriptive KAP
study about smoking was conducted in all the ten secondary schools in
Hadramout coastal districts during October 2004 – April 2005 and a total of 317
teachers were enrolled in the study (182 male, 135 female teachers).
The findings revealed that
about 8% of the teachers were smokers; all smokers were males (prevalence
14%).
Only 10% of teachers had received training to limit smoking
among students, and 27% had educational materials about harmful effects of
smoking.
The study concluded that
low smoking prevalence, good knowledge and attitudes of teachers, especially
female teachers, toward smoking may offer a chance for
smoking prevention strategies in secondary
schools.
Key words: Smoking, Secondary school. |
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2006;2-2
Original Article |
Okoli CG, Okoli IC, Okorondu UV, Opara MN.
Environmental and Public
Health Issues of Animal Food Products Delivery System in Imo State,
Nigeria |
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Abstract:
Information on livestock
movement, animal food products processing facilities, meat inspection methods,
official meat inspection records and distribution and marketing systems for
processed products in Imo state, Nigeria needed for policy development
interventions in the sector are not fully understood. The primary data generated
with the aid of personal interviews, field observations and secondary data
obtained from records accumulated by the department of veterinary services Imo
state from 2001 to 2004 were used to investigate the environmental and public
health issues of animal food products delivery system in state. Majority of
trade animals supplied to the state originated from the northern states of the
country and were brought in with trucks by road. Only two veterinary control
posts served the whole state thus resulting in non-inspection and taxing of a
large proportion of trade animals. Official record of trade animals supplied to
the state from 2001 to 2004 ranged from 45000 – 144000 for cattle, 23000 – 96000
for goats and 11000 – 72000 for sheep per annum, with supplies increasing
steadily across the years. Official slaughter points in the state were
principally low-grade quality slaughter premises consisting of a thin concrete
slab. Meat handling was very unhygienic with carcasses dressed beside refuse
heaps of over 2 years standing. Carcasses were dragged on the ground and
transported in taxi boots and open trucks. Meat inspection at these points was
not thorough because of stiff resistance of butchers to carcass condemnation.
Official meat inspection records for the state from 2001 to 2004 revealed that
overall totals of 159,000 cattle, 101,000 goats and 67,000 sheep were
slaughtered. This accounted for about 56, 57 and 57% shortfall of cattle, goat
and sheep respectively supplied to the state and represents the volume of
un-inspected animals during the study period. Fascioliasis and tuberculosis were
the most common infections encountered in cattle and recorded percentage
occurrences of 16.7 and 7.5 respectively, whereas mastitis was common in goats
and sheep at percentage occurrences of 5.8 and 5.0 respectively. Overall
prevalence rates of 4.4, 8.0, 3.2, 3.3 and 1.5% were recorded for tuberculosis,
fascioliasis, streptotricosis, mastitis and worms respectively. Animal food
products delivery in Imo state needs to be improved upon in order to safeguarded
the health of consumers
Key words: Animal food products,
Public health, Nigeria |
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2006;2-3
Original Article |
Okoli IC, Ndujihe GE, Ogbuewu IP.
Frequency Of Isolation Of Salmonella From Commercial Poultry Feeds And Their Anti-Microbial
Resistance Profiles, Imo State, Nigeria |
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Abstract:
This study was conducted to determine
the frequency of isolation of salmonella and their microbial resistance profiles
across different commercial poultry feeds sold in Imo State, Nigeria. Thirty-six
bulk feed samples were colleted from 154 bag across different feed types and
brands which included Guinea (GF), Top (TF), Vital (VF), Extra (EF), Animal care
(AF) and livestock (LF) feeds. The salmonella isolated were tested against 14
anti-microbial drugs using the disc diffusion method. Bacterial load enumeration
of the samples indicated a range of <30 colony forming unit (CFU) to
overgrowth at 104 serial dilutions. Eight feed samples (22.2%) which
cuts across the entire feed brands expect EF were positive for salmonella. The
highest prevalence of 28.8% and 25.0% were recorded for LF and TF respectively,
while VF, GF and AF had 11.1 and 10.0% respectively. Salmonella isolates showed
high rates of resistance (51-100%) against nitrofurantoin, ampicillin,
tetracycline and ceftriazole, while moderate rates (31-50%) were recorded for
chloramphenicol, oxfloxacin and cotrimoxazole. Low resistance rates (1-30%) were
on the other hand recorded against ciprofloxacin and amoxycillin clavulanate
(Augumentine), whereas zero resistance was demonstrated against pefloxacin,
gentamycin, streptomycin and nalidixic. Commercial feeds form important channels
for the dissemination of multi-drug resistant salmonella in Imo State, Nigeria.
Key words:Salmonella, poultry
feed, anti-microbial drugs, resistance profile, Nigeria |
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2006;2-4
Original Article |
Esonu BO, Opara MN, Okoli IC, Obikaonu HO, Udedibie C, Iheshiulor OOM.
Physiological Response Of Laying Birds To Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Leaf Meal-Based
Diets: Body Weight Organ Characteristics And Haematology. |
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Abstract:
A 12-weeks feeding trial was conducted
to evaluate the effects of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leafmeal (NLM) on
body weight gain, carcass and organ characteristics and haematological values of
laying hens. The leaves were harvested, chopped to facilitate drying in the sun
until they became crispy but still greenish in coloration. The Sun-dried leaves
were milled using a hammer mill to produce the leaf meal. Four layers diets were
formulated to contain the NLM at 0% ,5%, 10% and 15% dietary levels respectively
and were used to feed 120 Shikka brown layers already 10 months in lay. The
birds were divided into 4 groups of 30 each and randomly assigned to the 4
treatment diets in a completely randomized design (CRD). NLM did not show any
appreciable difference in weight gain between the birds at 0% and those at 5%,
10% dietary levels. Carcass weight, dressed weight, liver, heart and gizzard
weights were significantly (P<0.05) increased at 5% dietary level of NLM.
There were no significant difference in Hb and PCV between birds on O% and 5%
treatment diets. However, these differed significantly (P<0.05%) from those
of birds on 10% and 15% treatment diets. There were variations in the
differential WBC count , marked lymphocytopenia adversely affected the total
leucocyte counts in the birds on 5%, 10% and 15% treatment diets. The results of
this study suggest that laying birds could tolerate 5%- 15% dietary levels of
NLM without deleterious effects..
Key words: Laying birds, Neem |
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2006;2-5
Original Article |
Uneke CJ, Ogbu O,Alo M, Ariom T.
Syphilis serology in
HIV-positive and HIV-negative Nigerians: The public
health significance |
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Abstract:
Syphilis has acquired new
potential for morbidity and mortality through association with increased risk
for HIV infection. Case-control survey was conducted using Rapid
Plasma Reagin test and confirmatory Immunochromatographic test among
HIV-positive (cases) and HIV-negative (control) Nigerians. A total of
35(14.0%) of 250 HIV-positive and 5(2.0%) of 250 HIV-negative
individuals studied were seropositive for syphilis, the difference was
statistically significant (P<0.05). The prevalence was higher among
females than males of HIV-positive (15.0% versus 12.7%) and of the HIV-negative
(2.1% versus 1.9%) individuals. Syphilis seroprevalence was highest among
HIV-positive individuals aged 21-30 years (20.5%) and 41-50 years old
HIV-negative individuals (4.5%). Sex education, promotion of safer sexual
behaviour, prompt diagnosis of STDs and provision of effective, accessible
treatment are recommended
Key words: Syphilis,
Treponema pallidum, HIV, Seroprevalence |
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