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Volume-5 (2006);
Issue 3 (Jun-Sep)
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2006;3-1
Original Article |
Kavitha S, Sarbadhikari SN, Rao AN.
Automated Screening
for Three Inborn Metabolic Disorders: A Pilot Study |
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Abstract:
A descriptive KAP
study about smoking was conducted in all the ten secondary schools in
Hadramout coastal districts during October 2004 – April 2005 and a total of 317
teachers were enrolled in the study (182 male, 135 female teachers).
The findings revealed that
about 8% of the teachers were smokers; all smokers were males (prevalence
14%).
Only 10% of teachers had received training to limit smoking
among students, and 27% had educational materials about harmful effects of
smoking.
The study concluded that
low smoking prevalence, good knowledge and attitudes of teachers, especially
female teachers, toward smoking may offer a chance for
smoking prevention strategies in secondary
schools.
Key words: Smoking, Secondary school. |
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This Article |
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2006;3-2
Review |
Omalu ICJ, Duhlinska
DD, Anyanwu GI, Pam VA, Inyama
PU.
Human Microsporidial Infections |
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Abstract:
Microsporidia are eukaryotic, spore forming
obligate intracellular parasites, first recognised over 100 years ago.
Microsporidia are becoming increasingly recognised as infectious pathogens
causing intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases in both immuno-competent
and immuno-suppressed patients. They are characterised by the production
of resistant spores that vary in size depending on the species; and
poses a unique organelle, the polar tubule (polar filament), which is
coiled inside the spore as demonstrated by its ultra structure. Other
unusual characteristics are the lack of mitochondria and the prokaryotic-like
ribosomes, which indicate the primitive nature of the group. Presently
there are seven genera, Enterocytozoon, Encephalitozoon, Nosema,
Pleistophora, Trachi pleistophora , Brachiola, vittaforma species
which have been reported from human hosts as agents of systemic, ocular,
intestinal and muscular infections, are described and the diagnosis,
treatment, and source of infections discussed
Key words: Microsporidia, Enterocytozoon, Encephalitozoon, Nosema, Pleistophora,
Diagnosis |
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This Article |
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2006;3-3
Original Article |
Enabulele IO, Yah SC, Eghafona NO.
Emerging quinolones resistant
transfer genes among gram-negative bacteria, isolated from faeces of
HIV/AIDS patients attending some Clinics and Hospitals in the City of
Benin, Edo State, Nigeria |
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Abstract:
A survey of 1431 gram-negative bacilli from June 2001 to September 2005
were obtained from the faeces of 920 HIV/AIDS patients attending some
Clinics and Hospitals in Benin City, Nigeria, were screened for quinolones
resistance gene. The HIV/AIDS patients CD4 cells range was ≤14/mm3
≥800/mm3 of blood. Out of the 1431 isolates, 343 (23.9%)
were resistance to quinolones with a MIC ≥4μg/ml for norfloxacin,
ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin while a MIC of ≥32 µg/ml for nalidixic
acid. The screened isolates include Pseudomonas aeruginosa
64(18.7%), E coli 92(26.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae
53(15.4%), Salmonella typhi
39(11.4%), Shigella dysenteriae
36(10.5%), Proteus mirabilis
34(9.9%) and Serratia marcescens
25(7.3%). The average resistance of the isolates to the various
quinolones ranged from 42.7% to 66.7%. Klebsiella were
the most resistant isolates with a mean resistance of 66.7% while
Proteus were the less resistant isolates with a mean resistance
of 42.7%. Most isolates were resistant to Nalidixic acid followed by
norfloxacin while the less resistant were to the pefloxacin. The frequency
of qnr genes transfer to EJRifr as recipient ranged from
2 x 10-2 to 6 x 10-6 with an average of 2 plasmids
per cell. The molecular weight of the plasmids ranged from <2.9kbp to <5.5 kbp. This indicated that plasmids allowed
the movement of genetic materials including qnr resistant genes between
bacteria species and genera in Benin City, Nigeria.
Key words:Resistance Gene Transfer, HIV/AIDS, Gram-negative bacilli |
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This Article |
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2006;3-4
Original Article |
Ngwai YB, Adachi Y, Ogawa Y.
Growth suppression of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella
typhimurium DT104 by a non-DT104 strain in vitro. |
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Abstract:
Growth suppression
of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella typhimurium DT104 by
a non-DT104 strain was investigated in vitro. Chromosomal mutants of
eight antibiotic-resistant DT104 strains were generated by sub-culturing
on desoxycholate hydrogen sulfide lactose agar containing 25 µg/ml
of nalidixic acid. Low counts of each of these mutants (designated as
“minority cultures”) were inoculated into 24-h cultures of a non-DT104
S. typhimurium strain (designated as “majority culture”)
to test the ability of the majority culture to suppress the multiplication
of the minority culture. Multiplication of small numbers of the antibiotic-resistant
DT104 strains was significantly (P < 0.05) prevented when
the DT104s were added to 24-h brain heart infusion cultures of the non-DT104
strain. This observation has practical implications for the control
of the menacing antibiotic-resistant Salmonella typhimurium
DT104.
Key words:
Salmonella typhimurium DT104; non-DT104; growth suppression. |
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This Article |
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2006;3-5
Short Report |
Soogarun S, Choewbamrungkiat M, Wiwanitkit V, Suwansaksri J, Nopanitaya W, PradniwatP, Palasuwan A, Chanprasert S.
Study
on the effect of green
pit viper venom (Trimeresurus albolabris)
on platelet morphology by flow cytometry. |
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Abstract:
The
incidence of venomous snake bites, especially by green pit viper, has been increasing every year in Thailand. The bite
of green pit viper causes bleeding because of thrombin–like property of the venom
and it has been reported that the mean
platelet volume decreases in those bitten by this snake. The objective of this
study was to study the effect of green pit viper venom
(Trimeresurus albolabris) on platelet volume (MPV), number
of platelets and platelet morphology in vitro.
The test was carried out by washing platelet in phosphate buffer pH
7.2 so as to get rid of fibrinogen, then the washed platelets were mixed
with green pit viper venom. The mean platelet volume and number of platelets
were determined by flow cytometry. The results showed that there was a decrease
in the number
of platelets (216±101 x 109/l and 78.1±43.4
x 109/l; P< 0.05) and also the MPV
(8.9±1.2fl and 4.8±1.3fl, P< 0.05). The platelet size was smaller than
normal, ranging from 1.1-1.2 micrometers. In conclusion, the green
pit viper venom had a direct effect on platelet morphology, especially
by decreasing platelet volume and numbers.
Key words: Green pit viper,
Venom, Platelet |
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This Article |
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2006;3-6
Short Report |
Wiwaniikit V, Suwansaksri N, Suwansaksri J.
A note on the prothrombin time
abnormality in the patients with amebic liver abscess |
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Abstract:
Amebic liver abscess is reported worldwide and can present with a
a wide spectrum of clinical manifetations. Similar to the other liver diseases, the
prothrombin time abnormality can be seen in the patients with amebic
liver abscess. We retrospectively studied the prothrombin times
among 30 Thai hospitalized patients with amebic liver abscesses and did not find any correlation
between the prothrombin time and any other studied manifestation
Key words: Amebic liver abscess, Prothrombin time |
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This Article |
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