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Volume-7 (2008);
Issue 2 (April-June) Published on July 21, 2008
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2008;2-1
Original Article |
Dongre AR, Deshmukh PR,
Garg BS.
Effect of use of socially marketed faucet fitted earthen vessel/sodium hypochlorite
solution on diarrhea prevention at household level in
rural India. |
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Abstract: Objective:
To evaluate the effect of socially marketed faucet fitted to earthen
vessel / sodium hypochlorite solution on diarrhea prevention at rural
household level as a social intervention for diarrhea prevention under
‘Community Led Initiatives for Child Survival (CLICS) program.
Methods: Unmatched case-control study was carried out in 10 villages
of Primary Health Centre, Anji, located in rural central India. During
the study period, 144 households used either faucet fitted earthen vessel
to store drinking water or used sodium hypochlorite solution (SH) for
keeping drinking water safe. These served as case households for the
present study. 213 neighborhood control households from same locality
who used neither of the methods were also selected. Results:
Odds ratio for households who used faucets fitted to earthen vessel
was 0.49 (95% CI= 0.25 – 0.95). Odds ratio for households who used
sodium hypochlorite solution was 0.55 (95% CI= 0.31 – 0.98). Use of
these methods by the community, would prevent about 27 percent and 22
percent cases of the diarrhea (Population attributable risk proportion
= 0.25 by faucets fitted to earthen vessels and 0.22 by use of sodium
hypochlorite solution) respectively. Conclusion: To ensure safe
drinking water at household level, the effective and cheap methods like
fitting faucet to traditionally used earthen vessel and/or use of sodium
hypochlorite solution must be promoted through community participation
at household level for cost and culture sensitive rural people in India.
Key words:
Community participation, Diarrhea prevention,
Faucet, Hypochlorite solution,
Earthen vessel, Social marketing |
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This Article |
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2008;2-2
Original Article |
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Majumdar K, Lenka PK, Mondal RK, Kumar R, Triberwala DN. Relation of Stump Length with Various Gait Parameters in trans-tibial
Amputees. |
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Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is evaluating the impact of stump
length of unilateral below knee amputees (BKA) on different gait parameters.
Nine unilateral BKA were chosen and divided into three groups comprising
patients with short, medium, and long stump length. Each of them underwent
gait analysis test by Computer Dynography (CDG) system to measure the
gait parameters. It was found that the ground reaction force is higher
in the patients with medium stump length whereas the velocity, step
length both for the prosthetic and sound limb and cadence were high
in longer stump length. Statistical analysis shows a significant difference
(p<0.05) between the gait parameters of BKA with medium and longer
stump length. The patients with longer stump length were more efficient
than medium and short stump patients as they consumed comparatively
lesser energy while walking with self-selected velocity and conventional
(Solid ankle cushioned heel) SACH foot
Key words: Stump length, Gait analysis, Trans-tibial amputee |
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This Article |
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2008;2-3
Original Article |
Emokpae MA, Nwokedi EE, Jegede EE.
Impact Of Hepatitis C Co-Infection On CD4 Cell Count In HIV Infected Subjects |
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Abstract: Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection is reported to be common among
HIV infected subjects due to share routes of transmission. The fact
that HCV infection may act as cofactor for HIV disease progression has
been suggested.
Objective:
To determine if HCV and HIV co-infection affect the immunocompetence
(CD4) of the infected subjects and response to Highly Active Anti Retroviral
therapy.
Subjects and
methods: Fifty HIV/HCV co-infected and fifty
HIV monoinfected adults were retrospectively studied. Their baseline
CD4 cell counts were done using Dynal beads technique before commencement
of HAART and repeated after six months. Results:
The CD4 cell counts of co-infected subjects were lower than the mono-infected
subjects. Sixty eight percent of the co-infected subjects had CD4 cell
count less than 200cells/uL, and they responded poorly to HAART therapy
than the mono-infected subjects (P<0.05). Those with CD4 cell count
greater than 200cells/uL responded better to treatment than those with
CD4 cell count less than 200cells/uL (P<0.001)
Conclusion: HCV/HIV co-infection affects the immunocompetence
of the patients and HCV may acts as cofactor for HIV disease progression.
It is needful to screen all HIV positive subjects for HCV antibody as this will
improve their clinical management and outcome.
Key words: Hepatitis C, Human
Immunodeficiency virus, CD4 cell count, Co-infection |
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This Article |
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2008;2-4
Short Report |
Mukhopadhyay C, Basak S, Gupta S, Chawla K,
Bairy I.
A comparative analysis of bacterial growth with earphone use. |
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Abstract:
Background:
Recently the worldwide usage of earphones has increased
especially among the school and college students who have a high
rate of sharing among them. Alike airline headsets, headphones
and stethoscope ear-pieces, ear phones can easily be a vector of
potential pathogens, which can give rise to otitis externa.
Purpose: To compare the
bacterial growth of the external ear in association with
earphone and assess the role of earphones as vector or
microorganisms.
Material and Methods:
50 voluntary male subjects (age 18-25 years) were chosen and
divided into two groups, A and B, according to the use of
earphones. Swabs were taken from their left ear and the left
earpiece of the earphone. Samples were processed as recommended.
Results:
In group A, bacteria were found in 20 (80%) ear and 14 (56%)
earphone swabs. In group B, bacteria were found in 23 (92%) ear
and 17 (68%) earphone swabs. Group B showed heavy growth and a
significant increase in the number of bacterial growths after
frequent and constant use. Conclusion:
Frequent and constant use of earphones increases the
bacterial growth in the ear and sharing of earphones might be a
potential vector of commensals. It is therefore, always better
not to share or else to clean the earphones before sharing.
Key words: Bacterial profile, ear, earphone, student |
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This Article |
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2008;2-5
Short Report |
Ugwu AC, Nwobi IC, Eteudo AN, Ovuoba KN.
The Effect Of Normocephalic Foetal Skull On Foetal Dating Using Biparietal Diameter. |
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Abstract: The study was conducted to determine the desirability
or otherwise of mathematically correcting every normal foetal head shape
to an ideal shape prior to dating using the biparietal diameter (BPD). Transabdominal Sonography
was performed in 118 pregnant women in their second- and third- trimesters.
The BPDs and fronto-occipital diameters (FODs) were measured. A study
of 100 foetuses with normal head shapes was used to derive in this environment,
a regression equation for an area corrected BPD (BPDa): BPDa = - 2. 853 + 0.483
(BPD + FOD). The BPDa of 18 foetuses with normal head shapes, were computed
with this equation. Z test was performed to compare the mean BPD and
Mean BPDa. Z statistic showed no
significant difference (p>0.5) between BPDa and BPD in this group
of foetuses with normal head shapes. There is no need to mathematically
correct normocephalic foetal head shapes to ideal shapes before dating
using the BPDs.
Key words: Foetus, Mathematical Correction, Biparietal Diameter, Cephalic Index,
Ultrasonography |
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This Article |
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2008;2-6
Brief Review |
Sharma GM.
Hypoxia Inducible
Factor-1α (HIF-1 α) and its Role in Tumour Progression to
Malignancy |
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Abstract: Hypoxia is
a condition in which an area of the body or a tissue is deprived of
sufficient supply of oxygen. The lack of nutrients in a hypoxic tissue
generally causes apoptosis but some cells are able to adapt to this
hypoxic environment and resist apoptosis. This adaptation occurs as
a result of gene activation. Hypoxia is a characteristic feature of
many cancers and is the stimulus for overexpression of HIF-1α - a basic
loop-helix PAS protein family subunit of HIF, which allows the cell
to adapt and survive in hostile environment. The presence of hypoxia
and HIF-1α is correlated with an increased risk of metastasis and techniques
that can inhibit hypoxia inducible factor may be instrumental in finding
a cure for cancer.
Key words: HIF, HIF-1α, Hypoxia, Malignancy, Cancer, Cancer Therapy |
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This Article |
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2008;2-7
Case Report |
Singh RK, Varshney S, Bist SS, Gupta N, Bhatia R, Kishor S.
A case Of Rhinolithiasis. |
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Abstract:
Rhinolith is
an uncommon nasal mass in children and adolescents. We report a 8 years
old boy with a history of long standing foul smelling right sided nasal
discharge, progressive nasal obstruction and recurrent epistaxis, which
was clinically suspected as being due to the presence of a long standing
foreign body. Rhinolith in the right nasal cavity was diagnosed on rigid
endoscopic examination. Rhinolith was removed by using a 00
rigid nasal endoscope.
Key words: Rhinolith,
Endoscopy |
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This Article |
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2008;2-8
Case Report |
Molinaro MA.
Radiation Therapy in a Case of
Orbital Lymphoma. |
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Abstract:
Introduction:
Orbital lymphoma is a rare presentation of extranodal non-Hodgkin’s
lymphoma, accounting for less than 1% of the total.1 The role of radiotherapy
in its management is well-established.2-7 This is a report of a case
of orbital lymphoma
Materials and Methods: Clinical records and pathologic material of a patient woman
of 62 age treated with local radiotherapy for localized orbital lymphoma.
Treatment consisted of 36 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions of irradiation using
6-MV photons with complex treatment planning for retrobulbar lesions.
Median follow-up was 18 months
Results: Local
control was 100%. Cataracts was not observed in 8 of the treated eyes.
Conclusion:
In this case, localized orbital MALT lymphoma was well controlled with
radiotherapy.
Key words: Eye, Non-Hodgkin’s
lymphoma, Orbit, Radiotherapy |
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This Article |
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2008;2-9
Case Report |
Raina S, Mahesh DM, Sood V, Kaushal SS, Gupta D.
Self injection of
Dichlorvos, an Organophosphorus Compound. |
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Abstract:
We report two patients who injected themselves
a strong organophosphate compound, dichlorvas, and showed the typical
clinical picture of organophosphate intoxication. There are very few
case reports of parenteral organophosphorous poisoning. With the appropriate
therapy, their symptoms disappeared in a few days. The cases are reported
because of unusual and interesting way of intoxication.
Key words: Dichlorvos, Organophosphorus poisoning, Self injection |
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This Article |
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2008;2-10
Case Report |
Raina S, Mahesh DM, Sood V, Mokta JK, Raina R, Kaushal SS.
Giant intra-abdominal hydatid cysts
with multivisceral locations. |
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Abstract:
The
disseminated intra-peritoneal hydatid disease is a very rare finding.
A case of disseminated intra abdominal hydatid disease is presented
along with a review of literature and various therapeutic modalities.
Key words: Hydatid cyst, Peritoneal hydatosis, Rectovesical hydatid cyst |
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