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Volume-10 (2011);
Issue 3 (July-September)
Published on Nov 15, 2011
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2011;3-1
Review |
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Vella SC, Pai NB.
Psychosocial and Biological Factors Contributing
to Body Weight Gain in Schizophrenia.
Overweight and obesity
are frequently reported to be a significant issue
in schizophrenia resulting in the inherent complications of these disorders.
Body weight gain also commonly results from treatment with the most
tolerable and efficacious pharmacological treatments, second-generation
antipsychotics. However there are numerous other factors that contribute
to increased body mass in individuals with schizophrenia prior to the
initiation of treatment. With prior research indicating that individuals
with schizophrenia have higher rates of overweight and obesity before
treatment. Therefore this article provides a
review of pertinent issues associated with body weight gain in schizophrenia
in an attempt to delineate the impact of both the disease and treatment
upon body weight gain. The results of the review indicate that body
weight gain in schizophrenia occurs from both psychosocial and biological
factors that are further compounded by antipsychotic treatment.
The article concludes with recommendations for future research.
Key Words:
Body weight gain; Psychosocial factors; Biological factors; Schizophrenia;
Overweight; Obesity. |
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2011;3-2
Original Article |
Chhabra
GS, Sodhi MK.
Factors Contributing to Psycho-Social
Ill-Health in Male Adolescents. |
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Abstract: Objective: To study the prevalence
of psychosocial problems in male adolescents and find out various factors
contributing to psycho-social ill health. Methods: 500 adolescents were interviewed
using a pre-tested structured questionnaire to elicit the information
about the psychosocial problems including depression, suicidal thoughts
and suicidal attempts. Association of academic performance, family problems,
psychological problems and substance abuse was also included. Results: More than one third (39.6%)
adolescents were having psychological problems. These problems were
significantly higher in middle adolescence (14-16 years), large extended
families (> 8 members) and lower socioeconomic status. Residence
had no significant relation to psychological problems in the adolescents.
On correlation, these adolescents with psychological problems were having
significantly more academic problems, family disputes, domestic violence,
lesser number of close friends and greater substance abuse. Conclusion: Considering that male adolescents
from large families with lesser education and lower income had higher
prevalence of psychosocial problems, it is essential for health care
planners to design comprehensive family and health education programs
for the adolescents. The family support, teacher student rapport and
peer group communication should be strengthened to counteract unsafe behaviours in the adolescents.
Key words: Adolescents; Psychological; Substance Abuse; Family |
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2011;3-3
Original Article |
Gaikwad V, Madhukumar S, Sudeepa D.
An epidemiological Study of
Domestic Violence Against Women and its Association with Sexually
Transmitted Infections in Bangalore Rural. |
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Abstract: Background
: Gender-based violence is universal, differing only in scope from one
society to the other. The most common form of violence against women
is domestic violence or violence within families.Objectives:
1. To study the prevalence and different forms of domestic violence
perpetrated by intimate partner against married women. 2. To study socio
economic and demographic factors which affect the victimization of woman
for domestic violence. 3.To study prevalence of sexually transmitted
infection and its association with domestic violence in the study group. Methods:
Based on a pilot study results, a sample size of 257 was determined.
Total 257 currently married women in the reproductive age group (15-49
yrs) were interviewed by systematic random sampling with prior consent
using a well designed, pre- tested questionnaire . All the women were
screened for sexually transmitted infections as per the WHO guidelines
by syndromic approach. The data was analyzed by percentages and
chi-square test. Results
: Prevalence of domestic violence was found to be 29.57% in the study
group. Verbal abuse was reported by 81.58% of the women, Physical abuse
by 31.58% of the women ,Psychological abuse by 27.63% of the women and
Sexual abuse by 10.53% of the women. Among the 76 victimized women none
of them reported to the police. Interpretation
and conclusions: The vulnerability to domestic violence was found
significantly associated with age at marriage, duration of marriage
and addiction of husband to alcohol. The association between domestic
violence and sexually transmitted infections was also found significant.
Key words: Abuse; Domestic violence; Sexually transmitted infections; Victimization |
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2011;3-4
Original Article |
Khapre MP, Mudey A, Chaudhary S, Wagh V, Dawale A.
Buying Practices
and Prevalence of Adulteration in Selected Food items in a
Rural Area of Wardha District: A Cross - Sectional Study. |
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Abstract: Introduction: Food adulteration in India
includes both willful adulteration and substandard food which do not
confirm to prescribe food standard. There is striking paucity of reliable
data with regard to extent of adulteration and documentation of food
borne illnesses reflecting lack of attention and focus on this problem.
Objectives: To find the prevalence of food adulteration, buying
practices of selected food items and their awareness towards food adulteration
act. Also assess relationship between per-capita incomes, education
of respondents, and food borne illnesses with magnitude of adulteration
in each house-hold. Methods: With the best
estimate of 50%, sample size comes to 89. By stratifying the village
according to social strata and randomly selecting the households with
PPS. Questionnaire was administered to fulfill our objectives and food
items were tested. Data analyzed by numeral with percentage, Pearson
moment correlation, F test and chi square test. Results: In 68.5% Households,
wife (home-maker) buys the grocery. Majority of them never read the
food labels. All the selected food items were adulterated ranging from
76 % to 11%. Mean percentage of purity was highest in literates (47.5
± 22.48) than illiterates and just literates. Food borne illness was
prevalent in households with low purity of food. Association was found
between per capita income and percentage of purity (0.765).
Key words: Adulteration; Awareness; Per capita income; Food borne illness |
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2011;3-5
Original Article |
Jathanna R, Melisha RD, Mary G, Latha KS.
Determinants of Job Satisfaction among Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary
Care Hospital. |
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Abstract: Job satisfaction can be defined as
"the extent to which people like or dislike their jobs". This
definition suggests job satisfaction is a general or global affective
reaction that individuals hold about their job. Family Roles are patterns
of behavior by which individuals fulfill family functions and needs.
Family role changes may affect their daily activities including a person’s
work. Unlike traditional job satisfaction surveys, this study was trying
to explore the correlation between employee’s personal profile and
their satisfaction in their job. The personal profile determinants which
were compared with overall job satisfaction were - Age, Gender, Work
experience, marital status, dependent children and parents. It revealed
that majority of the determinants studied were having positive impact
on the job satisfaction. It is interesting to note that comparatively
young employees with dependents were more satisfied with their job.
They were feeling satisfied and motivated to work as they were contributing
to the family.
Key words: Health care
worker; Dependent family; Job satisfaction |
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2011;3-6
Original Article |
Girish PN, Shetty NJ, Shetty VH, Vaz GF.
Study of the Clinical Patterns in Varicella in a Tertiary Hospital at
Coastal Karnataka. |
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Context: There are very
few studies regarding the clinical patterns and manifestations of a
very common viral infection, Varicella, especially from south India. Aims: To
study the cutaneous manifestation of Varicella with an emphasis on vaccination
status. Settings and Design:
Cross sectional study. Methods
and Material: A total of 118 patients attending the Dermatology
OPD of a private medical college in coastal Karnataka with cutaneous
manifestations of varicella were enrolled. Study period was from January
2010 to December 2010. Statistical analysis used:
Data was analysed using SPSS version 11.5. Various frequency distribution
tables, diagrams and chi square test were used to describe and analyse
the data. Results:
Majority of the patients were males (62.7%) and 21-30 years was the
most common age group involved. There were 74 students, out of which
eight were in the preschool group aged between 3-4 years. Most of the
patients visited the hospital on the second day after onset of the symptoms.
108(91.5%) patients complained about the presence of various prodromal
symptoms. Scalp was the most common (39.8%) site of onset of the rash.
Itching was experienced by 76(64.4%) patients. Peak number of cases
(35.6%) was seen in the month of January. The cutaneous rash was most
commonly (57.7%) distributed over face, scalp, trunk, upper and lower
limbs, with predominantly central distribution. Soft palate was the
most common site (87%) involved in the oral cavity. Conclusions: A
wide variety of combination symptoms with classical cutaneous polymorphic
vesicular rash and oral lesions was seen.
Key words: Varicella; Cutaneous manifestations; Vaccination
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2011;3-7
Original Article |
Mamatha T, Pai SR, Murlimanju BV, Kalthur SG, Pai MM, Kumar B.
Morphometry
of Glenoid Cavity. |
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Abstract: Objectives:
Knowledge of the shape and dimensions of the glenoid are important in
the design and fitting of glenoid components for total shoulder arthroplasty.
An understanding of variations in normal anatomy of the glenoid is essential
while evaluating pathological conditions like osseous Bankart lesions
and osteochondral defects. Methods:
This study was done on 202 dry, unpaired adult human scapulae of unknown
sex belonging to the south Indian population. Three glenoid diameters
were measured, the superior-inferior diameter, anterior-posterior diameter
of the lower half and the anterior-posterior diameter of the upper half
of the glenoid. Based on a notch present on the anterior glenoid rim,
variations in the shape of the glenoid cavity were classified as inverted
comma shaped, pear shaped and oval. Results:
The average superior-inferior diameter on right and the left sides were
33.67±2.82mm and 33.92±2.87mm respectively. The average anterior-posterior
diameter of the lower half of the right glenoid was 23.35±2.04mm and
that of the left was 23.02±2.30mm. The mean diameter of the upper half
of the right glenoid was 16.27±2.01mm and that of the left was 15.77±1.96mm. Conclusion:
The dimensions of the glenoid observed in the present study were lesser
than those recorded in the studies done on other populations. This fact
may be taken into consideration while designing glenoid prostheses for
the south Indian population. The current study recorded a higher percentage
of glenoid cavities having the glenoid notch as compared to earlier
studies. While evaluating defects/lesions of the glenoid, this fact
could be useful.
Key words: Glenoid cavity; Total shoulder arthoplasty; Glenoid notch |
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This Article |
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2011;3-8
Original Article |
Hassani
HH, Khalaf ZSH, Samarie EJ, Ibrahim MA.
AZF Microdeletions
in Human Semen Infected with Bacteria. |
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Abstract: Bacterial infections
are associated with infertility in men. This study was aimed to investigate
microdeletions on Yq chromosome in semen infected with bacteria by using
bacteriological, biochemical, and serological assays. The investigation
showed that 107 of 300 (84.80%) semen samples collected from infertile
men with primary or secondary infertility were infected with different
species of bacteria. Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrheae were the most frequently diagnosed bacteria in the infected
semen samples. The percentages of infections of semen samples with
C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhea were 42.31% and 35.28% respectively.
Genomic DNA from each semen sample infected with predominant bacteria
was analyzed for AZF deletions by using multiplex PCR. Different patterns
of AZF microdeletions were obtained. It can be concluded that sexually
transmitted bacteria may contribute in microdeletions of Yq chromosome
by indirectly producing reactive oxygen species and causing gene defect
in AZF regions.
Key words: Male infertility; Yq microdeletion, Chlamydia trachomatis,
Neisseria gonorrheae |
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2011;3-9
Short Review |
Salati SA.
Complications of
Dermal Filling. |
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Abstract: Dermal fillers
have globally become sought after drugs due to the desire of aging population
to regain the youthful looks without any surgical operations. But like
other procedures, dermal filling can become complicated. Besides the
profitability have introduced the factor of malpractice which can bring
in misery rather than beauty and youthful body contours. This article
briefly reviews the common adverse effects of dermal fillers.
Key words: Dermal fillers; Complications; Consent; Malpractice |
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2011;3-10
Case Report |
Pailoor K, Jayaprakash CS, Naik RCN, Marla NJ, Fernandes H,
Pai MR, Lyngdoh RH.
Chondroid
Syringoma and Eccrine Spiradenoma. |
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Abstract: Background: Fine needle
aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a well established diagnostic tool. However,
most clinicians prefer to diagnose suspected skin tumors by excisional
biopsy as they are easily accessible and hence benign skin adnexal tumors
are rarely encountered on FNAC. There are only a very few case reports
describing the fine needle aspiration cytologic features of chondroid
syringoma and eccrine spiradenoma for diagnosis. Cases: First case was a 20 year old female who presented with firm,non-tender
swelling in the left little finger measuring 1 cm in diameter. Smears
showed clusters of round to plasmacytoid cells with moderate to abundant
cytoplasm embedded in a chondromyxoid ground substance . Hence, a diagnosis
of chondroid syringoma was made.
Another case was a 40 year old lady who presented with a painful
swelling on the anterior chest wall measuring approximately 0.8 cms
in diameter. Smears were moderately cellular with cohesive sheets and
clusters of bland cells of three different cell types. Hence, a probable
diagnosis of eccrine spiradenoma was made and both the cases were confirmed
histologically. Conclusion: Appropriate
knowledge of the cytologic features of chondroid syringoma and eccrine
spiradenoma helps in providing a definitive diagnosis and correct management
of the patient.
Key words: Chondroid syringoma; Eccrine spiradenoma; Cytology |
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2011;3-11
Case Report |
Amita K, Vijay Shankar S, Abhishekh MG, Geethalakshmi U.
Emperipolesis in a Case of Adult T Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (Mediastinal
type)-Detected at FNAC and Imprint Cytology. |
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Abstract: Emperipolesis is a condition in which viable hematopoetic cells are seen intact in the cytoplasm of
host cell without damage. This phenomenon is seen in many physiologic and pathologic conditions, its presence
in Rosai Dorfman disease (RDD) is characteristic of the disease. However emperipolesis is an uncommon finding in
malignant lymphoma both Hodgkins and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, wherein it has been described in bone marrow aspirate
and tissue culture. In contrast there are only two case reports of emperipolesis phenomenon described in non-Hodgkin’s
lymphoma in tissue sections. We report a case of an adult T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (mediastinal type) with features
of emperipolesis demonstrated at fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and imprint cytology of cervical lymph nodes.
To our knowledge, this is the first case report of emperipolesis in a case of adult T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (mediastinal type)-detected
at FNAC and imprint cytology.
Key words: Emperipolesis; Lymphoblastic lymphoma; Imprint cytology; Rosai Dorfman disease; Fine needle aspiration cytology |
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2011;3-12
Original Article |
Pawar SK, Ghorpade MV, Aundhkar S.
Culture Positive Brucella Endocarditis
in a Case of Baloon Mitral Valvotomy. |
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Abstract: Brucella endocarditis is a rare condition which occurs as a focal complication
in chronic brucellosis cases. We report a rare brucella endocarditis
case in a RVHD patient. A 26 year, male was admitted with fever
on off for almost one year. The blood culture of patient yielded
growth of Brucella melitensis after ten days of incubation. Isolated
colonies were reconfirmed as Brucella species by PCR study. Patient’s
serum tested positive for brucella slide agglutination test and STAT
titer was 640IU. Echocardiography showed vegetation on mitral valve. Patient was treated with both medical and surgical intervention. After
chemotherapy, patient’s blood culture was sterile, slide agglutination
& STAT (40IU) were negative. Repeat echocardiography showed no fresh
vegetation. Considering high mortality rate (80%) in Brucella endocarditis,
it is very important for clinicians to suspect it. Prompt antibiotic
therapy and surgical intervention is life saving in fatal cases.
Key words: Brucella; Endocarditis; Mitral valve. |
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