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Volume-12 (2013);
Issue 2 (Apr-Jun)
Published on Aug 25, 2013
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2013;1:1
Review |
Patil SB, Doibale MK.
Study of Profile, Knowledge and Problems of Anganwadi Workers in ICDS Blocks: A Cross Sectional Study. |
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Abstract: Objectives: To study the profile of Anganwadi Workers (AWWs). To assess knowledge of AWWs & problems faced by them while working. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Methods: Anganwadi centres were selected by stratified sampling technique. From each block 10% AWWs were enrolled into study. The functioning of AWWs was assessed by interviewing Anganwadi workers for their literacy status, years of experience, their knowledge about the services rendered by them and problems faced by them. Result: Most of AWWs were from the age group of between 41-50 years; more than half of them were matriculate and 34(69.38%) workers had an experience of more than 10 years. Majority (81.63 %) of AWWs had a knowledge assessment score of above 50%. They had best knowledge about nutrition and health education (70%). Of the workers 87.7% complained of inadequate honorarium, 28.5% complained of lack of help from community and other problems reported were infrastructure related supply, excessive work overload and record maintenance. Conclusions: Majority of AWWs were beyond 40 years of age, matriculate, experienced, having more than 50% of knowledge related to their job. Complaints mentioned by them were chiefly honorarium related and excessive workload.
Key words: Anganwadi workers; Profile; Knowledge; Problems. |
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2013;2:2
Original Article |
Gurukartick J, Ghorpade AGB, Thamizharasi A, Dongre AR.
Status of Growth Monitoring in Anganwadi Centres of a Primary Health Centre, Thirubhuvanai, Puducherry. |
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Abstract: Purpose: To assess the status of growth monitoring activities and difficulties faced by anganwadi workers (AWWs) at the anganwadi centres (AWCs). Methodology: A survey was conducted among AWWs under a rural Primary Health Centre. Structured observations on weight measurement were made using a check list. Secondary data on record keeping and maintenance was collected. Findings: Study participants (n=20) had a 24 (± 10.25) years of experience in Integrated Child Development Services and underwent training once in two years. For advising mothers of malnourished children, deworming and immunization was not mentioned by majority AWWs. In AWCs, children less than 6 month were weighed on bathroom scale and not by Salter’s scale. Unclothing the child before weighing was practiced by only 10% AWWs. Nonfunctional weighing machine was the major problem reported by AWWs. Conclusion: There were gaps in the growth monitoring activities in AWCs of a PHC, Thirubhuvanai which needs to be tackled.
Key words: Growth monitoring; Anganwadi workers; Puducherry. |
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2013;2:3
Original Article |
Hall MB, Guidry JJ, McKyer ELJ, Outley C, Ballard D.
Continuing Education Effects on Cultural Competence Knowledge and Skills Building among Health Professionals. |
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Abstract: Racial and ethnic minority health data from a national perspective indicates there is much to learn in the public health workforce about the ongoing health disparities crisis. This suggests a level of urgency to assist our public health professionals in obtaining specific skills sets that will assist them in working better with vulnerable populations. The purpose of this research is to assess cultural competence knowledge and programmatic skill sets, utilizing an explorational case study, of individuals employed within an urban public health department. In order to effectively evaluate these constructs, a quantitative research approach was employed to examine participants’ knowledge and competencies of the subject matter. This data was further analyzed to determine if continuing education participation and training was correlated to the levels of culturally competent practice engagement and self-reported confidence. In addition, researchers obtained data on the availability of employer sponsored training opportunities. The data suggested when health professionals engage in cultural competence education, their level of awareness of unique characteristics between ethnic and racial minorities increased. Those who exhibited the healthiest behaviors, as it relates to effectively working with diverse populations, had a heightened sense of knowledge related to culture and healthcare services. Continuing education in cultural competence is an essential strategy for improving public health employees’ effectiveness in working with diverse clients and reducing racial and ethnic health disparities. As the finding illustrated, training programs must incorporate educational components which foster skill building to enable subsequent culturally appropriate clinical interactions.
Key words: Continuing education; Cultural competence; Skills building; Workforce development; Clinical interaction; Quality of care |
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2013;2:4
Original Article |
Ajayi IO, Osakinle DC.
Socio Demographic Factors Determining the Adequacy of Antenatal Care among Pregnant Women Visiting Ekiti State Primary Health Centers. |
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Abstract: A cross sectional study was conducted in Primary Health Centers among pregnant women to elucidate adequacy of antenatal care across different socio demographic variables. Four hundred respondents were proportionately selected from 18 primary health centers using simple random sampling. Exit interviews were conducted using the adapted antenatal care exit interview form of the Safe Motherhood Needs Assessment package. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi square test. Adequacy of antenatal care in this study was measured by the single adequacy indicators which are duration of pregnancy at entry into antenatal care and number of antenatal visits; which are particularly suitable for developing countries. Age of respondents, means of transportation to the PHCs, occupation, location and level of education of the respondents were found to be determinants of whether the pregnant women attended their first antenatal visit in the first trimester, similarly, age of the respondents was a predictor of whether the women made up to four antenatal visits by their third trimester. Occupation and level of education were determinants of whether or not the pregnant women made their first antenatal visits at the first trimester. More respondents who were not working and those who were unskilled workers made their first antenatal visit at the first trimester compared to those who were skilled workers; work place policies and the fact that antenatal booking are made on weekdays and at work hours may hinder or be discouraging to the working class mothers.
Key words: Antenatal care; Pregnancy; Motherhood Needs Assessment; Ekiti, Nigeria |
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2013;2:5
Original Article |
Shah SS, Dave BR, Sharma AA, Desai AR.
Prevalence of Hypertension and Association of Obesity with Hypertension in School Going Children of Surat City, Western India. |
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Abstract: Purpose: The association of obesity with hypertension has been recognized for the decades which are the important risk factors for the cardiovascular disease. So the purpose of the present study was to determine association of obesity with hypertension in school going children of Surat. Methodology: School going children aged between 12-18 years, of five schools in Surat were selected for the study. Height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. Blood pressure measurements were taken as per recommendation of American heart society and family history of hypertension has also been assessed. Hypertension was considered if blood pressure is more than 95th percentile according to the update of task force report and Obesity was diagnosed by BMI for age. Results: Of 682 children, 8.94% were obese and 20.09% were hypertensive. Conclusion: Obesity is strongly associated with hypertension in children and both together may risk factors for later coronary disease.
Key words: Hypertension; Obesity; School children |
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2013;2:6
Original Article |
Choudhari SG, Kadu AV, Raut Y.
Desire for Children and Fear of Side Effects – A Basic Barrier for Acceptance of Contraceptive Services in Rural Area of Central India. |
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Abstract: Background: According to UN projection India’s population will reach 1.53 billion by the year 2050 and will be the highest population in the world. The success of the present RCH-II programme relies on the acceptance of contraceptive methods in reproductive age group. Objective: To determine the prevalence, type of contraceptive used and reasons for not accepting contraceptives in rural Maharashtra. Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out in field practice area of a rural tertiary health care hospital in Wardha district of Maharashtra, India. Married women in the reproductive age group of 15 to 49 years were the study participants. Results: Out of total 378 women respondents 223(58.99%) were contraceptive acceptors. 62.78% women accepted permanent method of contraception. Among the temporary methods most commonly accepted was Cupper-T by 20.62% women. Commonest reason for not accepting contraceptives was desire of children in 30.32% women followed by fear of side effects in 18.06%. Conclusion: Many factors like desire for children; especially a male child, fear of side effects of contraceptives, breastfeeding, attended the menopause…etc converge to shape a woman’s attitudes about the use of and the need for contraception.
Key words: Contraceptive acceptance; Women; Reproductive age group
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2013;2:7
Original Article |
Latha KS, Sahana M, Mariella D, Subbannayya K, Asha K.
Factors Related to Life satisfaction, Meaning of life, Religiosity and Death Anxiety in Health Care Staff and Students: A cross Sectional Study from India. |
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Abstract: Death is beyond one's personal control, generates great concern and anxiety, among human beings. Studies exploring the association between religious attitudes and death attitudes in adolescents and young adults in postmodern society are scarce. This study examines the relationship between five dimensions of attitude toward death (fear of death, death avoidance, neutral acceptance, approach acceptance, and escape acceptance), death anxiety, life satisfaction and meaning, religiosity and selected personal factors among health care staff and students in three teaching hospitals. A total of 230 adolescents and adults both sexes who were willing participated. Diener et al Satisfaction with Life, Steger et al Meaning of Life Questionnaire; Templer's Death Anxiety Scale, Wong's Death Attitude Profile-R and a religious attitude scale were administered. Findings showed students' search for meaning was higher than faculty. An unusual finding of higher Approach acceptance death attitude in students emerged. Correlation analysis revealed that presence of meaning was related to greater life satisfaction in both groups. It was further related to higher religiosity in both groups and higher neutral acceptance of death and lesser death anxiety in students alone. In both groups search for meaning was positively associated with death anxiety. Faculty's search for meaning was positively associated with negative death attitudes and surprisingly one positive death attitude. Death anxiety was more with faculty's advancing age, and was also more when both groups held negative death attitudes. Religiosity was positively associated with death anxiety in students. Further, religiosity was not only positively associated with positive death attitudes of approach acceptance (both groups) and neutral acceptance (faculty) but also with negative attitude of death avoidance (faculty). Death anxiety was more despite both groups embracing approach acceptance death attitude indicating ambivalent death views.
Key words: Death Attitudes; Death Anxiety; Religiosity; Life satisfaction; Meaning in life |
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2013;2:8
Original Article |
Raghunath D, Bhagwat AK, Dixit S, Guleri SK, Panwar C, Patidar C, Hindal D, Tiwari K.
An Educational Interventional Study to Assess Awareness about Mosquito Breeding, Diseases Caused and Protective Measures Against them among Families Residing in an Urban Slum of Indore City. |
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Abstract: Background: Community participation plays an important role in control of Mosquito borne diseases. This study tries to assess impact of educational intervention on various aspects of mosquito borne diseases in an urban slum. Methodology: An educational interventional study was done in 200 families residing in a slum (Badi Gwaltoli) which is in field practice area of Urban Health Centre attached to Department of Community Medicine of M.G.M.Medical College, Indore. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the Head of the family which studied their awareness and perception regarding breeding sites and biting habits of mosquitoes, diseases spread by them and personal protective measures used, followed by an educational intervention and post assessment. Data was entered into Microsoft excel spread sheet and analysed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: 46% of study population knew the correct breeding season of mosquitoes (monsoon season) during pre-intervention and 68% of the population post- intervention (p- value 0.004). When asked at what time mosquitoes bite the most, maximum number (92%) of people said that mosquitoes bite most in the evening and night, while only 6% and 2% were for morning and noon, respectively. Only 3.5% of the population who knew about breeding sites knew about artificial collections of water. Majority said mosquito breed in dirty stagnant water (78.5%). About 96%of the study population was aware that mosquitoes spread diseases. However, only 33.3%of respondents knew correctly about the diseases spread which improved to 68% in the post-intervention period (p-value=.000). 46% knew all the protection measures against mosquitoes in the pre-intervention which increased to 86% in the post intervention (p.value-.005). Conclusion: Awareness about Aedes mosquitoes and its habits is quite poor and many people still believe that only dirty water serves as a breeding place in mosquitoes. Regular IEC sessions informing community about mosquito-borne diseases will improve community participation.
Key words: Community participation; Mosquito-borne diseases; IEC. |
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2013;2:9
Original Article |
Warikoo D, Sharma M.
Assessing the Level of Disability, Deep Cervical Flexor Endurance and Fear Avoidance Beliefs in Bankers with Neck Pain. |
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Abstract: Objective: To assess the level of disability, the deep cervical flexor endurance and fear avoidance beliefs (FAB) in bankers with neck pain and to find a correlation between disability and deep cervical muscle endurance, FAB and disability, FAB and deep flexor muscle endurance.
Methods: It ws an observational study. The Subjects who had neck pain and minimum 5 years’ experience as a Banker participated in the study. Total 100 subjects were selected. All the subjects were assessed for their disability by the neck pain and disability score (NPDI), their deep cervical flexor endurance using Pressure Biofeedback using Cranio-Cervical flexion test (CCFT) and Fear Avoidance Belief by using questionnaire( FABQ). Results: It was found that bankers have a moderate level of disability. The results showed an elevated fear avoidance belief with a mean value of FABQ-PA 21.61±4.42 and FABQ-W 37.81± 5.69. The results indicated that a negative correlation was found between NPDI and CCFT (r=0.855). A positive correlation was found between NPDI and FABQ-PA(r=0.337), FABQ-W(r=0.500). In the present study a negative correlation was found between CCFT and FABQ-W(r=0.553), FABQ-PA (0.348) and positive correlation (r=0.540) was found between FABQ-PA and FABQ-W. Conclusion: The present study concluded that there was a significant level of disability and significantly decreased endurance level and increased fear avoidance beliefs (both work and physical activity related) among bankers with neck pain. In addition to that there was a significant correlation found between NPDI and CCFT, NPDI and FABQ, CCFT and FABQ, FABQ-W and FABQ-PA.
Key words: Fear Avoidance Belief; Cranio-Cervical flexion test; Musculoskeletal Disorders |
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2013;2:10
Original Article |
Pai SG, Kamath SJ, D'Souza S, Dudeja L.
A Clinical Study of Blunt Ocular Trauma in a Tertiary Care Centre. |
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Abstract:Purpose: To analyze blunt eye injuries with respect to mode of injury, sites involved and outcome. Method: This was a retrospective study of 32 patients with blunt ocular trauma from 2010 to 2012 in a tertiary care centre. Patient data, mode and extent of injury, management and outcome was noted and analyzed. Result: The commonest age of presentation was 10-20 years (28.125%) and the commonest mode of injury was road traffic accident (28.125%). The most commonly involved structure was conjunctiva (84.375%), followed by lid and adnexa (62.5%). Anterior segment involvement included corneal epithelial defect (7 cases), hyphaema (4 cases), iritis (3 cases) and anterior dislocation of lens (1 case). Posterior segment involvement included vitreous haemorrhage (1 case) and commotio retinae (2 cases). Conclusion: This study reinforces that blunt trauma can cause any extent of damage to ocular structures and the final visual outcome is dependent on the structures injured.
Key words: Blunt ocular trauma; Hyphaema; Commotio retinae; Lens dislocation |
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2013;2:11
Original Article |
Singh A, Gangwar DS, Shekhar.
Autologous blood versus corticosteroid local injection for treatment of Lateral Epicondylosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. |
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Abstract: Objective: The objective of the present single blinded prospective randomized control trial was assessment of efficacy of autologous blood injection versus local steroid injection in treatment of lateral epicondylosis of elbow. Methodology: Using a pre-post experimental design, a total of sixty patients of previously untreated lateral epicondylosis were selected; Group 1 (n=30) was administered single injection of autologous blood and Group 2 (n=30) single local corticosteroid injection. Assessment was done at baseline, 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 12 weeks using PRTEE (Patient Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation) score. Results: Pre injection parameters showed no difference between groups (chi square test, p > 0.005). Analysis between groups showed significant decrease in steroid group at very short term - 2 weeks (unpaired t test, p < 0.005).There was no difference between groups at 6 weeks. There was a significant improvement in blood group at medium term -12 weeks (unpaired t test, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Both the interventions were effective in reducing pain and improving functional status of patients in short term, but autologous blood was more effective in longer run.
Key words: Autologous blood; Lateral epicondylosis; Steroid injection; Treatment |
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2013;2:12
Original Article |
Srikanth, Niveditha, Rana S, Brahma B.
Opinion of Health Care Professionals Towards Submitting a Research Article to a Journal. |
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Abstract: There are no specific criteria to measure a journals quality, but indexation of a journal in a reputed database such as PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, EMBASE etc, and whether the journal is having an impact factor produced by Thomson Reuters are looked upon. Many more indexation database have come up recently, and authors are publishing more articles than before.
Key words: Indian medical research; Indexed journal; Impact factor; Publication. |
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2013;2:13
Short Communication |
Nagpal M, Chawla N.
Tuberculosis Notification: Issues and Challenges. |
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Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem. An emerging menace in India is drug resistant forms of TB. In order to ensure proper TB diagnosis and case management, reduce TB transmission and address the problems of emergence of spread of Drug Resistant-TB, it is essential to have complete information of all TB cases. Therefore, Govt. of India declared Tuberculosis a notifiable disease on 7th May 2012. This paper highlights the fact that notification of TB in the absence of regulation of diagnostic practices, rational use of anti-TB medicines and availability of diagnostic and treatment facilities for drug-resistant TB will pose more problems rather than provide solutions to this problem.
Key words: Tuberculosis; Drug resistance; Notification. |
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2013;2-14
Short Communication |
Pai NB.
Psychiatry: Whither to? |
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Abstract: Increasing division of specialisation in modern medicine has specifically unwrapped the issues of challenges of mental health. This article highlights the importance of primary care mental health, problems of awareness and under detection. Finally, challenges in the current status of mental health are highlighted.
Key words: Primary care; Mental health; India. |
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2013;2:15
Case Report |
Wader JV, Kumbhar S, Whawal V, Joshi SS.
Acephalic Acardiac Fetus. |
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Abstract: Acardia (Twin Reversed Arterial Pufusion Sequence) is a rare & one of the most bizarre congenital malformations occurring in multiple pregnancies. It affects 1 in 35,000 pregnancies. Usually one twin shows absence of heart & other is structurally normal. The acardiac twin presents with many bizarre anamolies such as lack of head, thorax & upper extrimities. We report a case of autopsy study of acardiac twin with severe malformations. The case has been presented for its rarity.
Key words: Acardia; Congenital malformations; Autopsy. |
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2013;2:16
Case Report |
Kamath AR, Kamath MM, Kamath GM, Nayak MA.
Sebaceous Carcinoma of the Eyelid. |
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Abstract: Sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eyelid is a very rare, slow growing tumor arising from the meibomian glands. In contrast to squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma which arise frequently from the lower lid, sebaceous carcinoma arises from the upper lid where meibomian glands are more numerous. We present a case of sebaceous carcinoma in an elderly lady who presented with a slow growing tumor in the lateral third of the lower lid, without any lymp node metastasis. The tumor was treated by wide excision and the eyelid was reconstructed by Tenzel semilunar flap.
Key words: Acardia; Congenital malformations; AutopsySebaceous carcinoma; Lower lid malignancy; Reconstruction of lid; Tenzel semilunar flap. |
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2013;2:17
Case Report |
Baruah B, Sengupta S, Ilapakurty B, Kesari SP.
A Rare Case of Post Septic Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis. |
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Abstract: Temporomandibular joint ankylosis involves fusion of the mandibular condyle to the base of the skull. It is a major clinical problem that affects many patients suffering from facial trauma, infection or systemic disease. The treatment of Temporomandibular joint ankylosis poses a significant challenge because of technical difficulties and a high incidence of recurrence. This report describe a rare case of a 16 year-man with complete inability to open his mouth, diagnosed with unilateral post septic left bony Temporomandibular joint ankylosis. The surgical approach consisted of gap arthroplasty followed by vigorous physiotherapy.
Key words: Temporomandibular joint disorders; Ankylosis; Gap arthroplasty. |
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2013;2:18
Case Report |
Rajshekar S, Guruprasad B, Ganguly S, Rathod P, Bafna UD.
Metastatic Leiomyosarcoma of Small Intestine. |
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Abstract: This is the report of a case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the small intestine, an uncommon primary malignancy of the small intestine.
Key words: Leiomyosarcoma; Gastro intestinal stromal tumor. |
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2013;2:19
Case Report |
Raj JA, Mahantachar V, Rajaram T.
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Sinonasal Region. |
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Abstract: Sinonasal region is an exceptional site for metastatic tumors. Renal cell carcinoma is known to metastasise to the most unusual sites, the sinonasal region being one of them. Clear cell carcinoma is its most common histologic variant. A sixty year old male presented with epistaxis and nasal obstruction. Clinical examination and CT scan revealed a vascular tumor in the right nasal cavity and maxillary sinus. The tumor was resected and sent for histopathological examination. A diagnosis of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma was made and confirmed with immunohistochemistry (IHC). The pathologic diagnosis was made without prior knowledge of the primary tumor in the kidney. Very few cases of metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the sinonasal region have been reported in literature. We present this case to document its occurrence, highlight the rarity and briefly discuss the differential diagnoses of clear cell carcinoma in the sinonasal area, based on morphology and IHC.
Key words: Sinonasal region; Metastatic renal cell carcinoma; Diagnosis. |
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2013;2:20
Case Report |
Bhatia V, Panda P, Sharma S, Sood S, Kumari A.
Portal Vein Aneurysm: Incidental Detection of Uncommon Entity as Cause of Chronic Abdominal Pain. |
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Abstract: Portal vein aneurysm is an uncommon anomaly. Both congenital and acquired cases are reported. We report a case of idiopathic probably congenital portal vein aneurysm incidentally detected on contrast CT. There was no e/o any chronic liver disease or portal hypertension in this patient.
Key words: Portal vein; Aneurysm. |
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2013;2:21
Case Report |
Singh B, Bhagat S, Kataria G, Kaur G, Singh R.
Unusual Esophageal Twin Foreign Body (Glass Marble) in a Neonate. |
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Abstract: Although ingestion of foreign body in oesophagus is common in pediatric age group, its occurrence in neonatal period is rare. Etiology behind these foreign bodies may be negligence or homicidal attempt for unwanted child. A high index of suspicion is required for diagnosis, whenever the neonate presents with symptoms related either to the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract. Delayed diagnosis can result in serious complications. We report a very unusual case of twin foreign body (glass marble) in oesophagus in a 30 days old female neonate. The peculiarity of this case concerns the
unusual foreign body and age of the patient.
Key words: Oesophagus; Neonate; Foreign body. |
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2013;2:22
Case Report |
Kumar S, Diwan SK, Dekate M.
Chronic Pancreatitis Presenting as Recurrent Pleural Effusion. |
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Abstract: Chronic Pancreatitis presenting as recurrent pleural effusion is an uncommon and often unrecognized clinical syndrome. The effusion frequently occurs without clinical evidence of pancreatitis, but occasionally it may be associated with calcification and pseudocyst of the pancreas. They usually presents as an exudative effusion of unknown cause and characterized by very high levels of amylase in the pleural fluid. In this report, a case of massive pancreatic pleural effusions are presented which was recurrent initially right sided and few month later left side.
Key words: Hemorrhagic pleural effusion; Pancreatitis; Recurrent. |
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2013;2:23
Case Report |
Bhatia V, Sharma S, Sood RG, Panda P.
Diffusion Tensor Tractography Demonstration of Partially Injured Spinal Cord Tracts in a Patient with Posttraumatic Brown Sequard Syndrome. |
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Abstract: Diffusion tractography is a new imaging technique to display the traumatic region for valuable preoperative information with prognostic significance. We present a case of 54 year male with quadriparesis showing reduced FA values and increased ADC in injured segment with depiction of disrupted tracts on tractography.In the near future, DTI will become a part of routine imaging in trauma patients as experience with this novel method gains acceptance.
Key words: Diffusion tractography; Spinal trauma; Magnetic resonance imaging |
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