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Volume-15 (2016);
No. 4 (October-December)
Published on January 31, 2017
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2016;4:1
Original Article |
Choudhary S, Dua S, Dhall M, Kapoor S.
Lifestyle Patterns and Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Rural School Children of Age 6 to 9 Years of District Una, Himachal Pradesh. |
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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Many studies have reported prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents from urban areas as well as of underweight or malnutrition from rural areas. With changing lifestyles everywhere, a need was felt to study the prevalence of overweight and obesity among rural children also. METHODOLOGY: Present cross-sectional study was planned involving 210 school children (103 boys and 107 girls of age 6-9 years) from various private schools of district Una, Himachal Pradesh, India. IOTF (International Obesity Task Force) cutoffs for BMI were used. Information about lifestyle, eating habits, physical activity and socio-economic status was collected through well designed questionnaire, which was filled by the parents of the children. The population studied mostly belonged to lower and upper middle class. SPSS version 17.0 was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Overweight and obesity among children was found to be 14.8%. Time spent in physical activity has reduced greatly; also there was increased sedentary lifestyle among rural children. 93.5% of overweight and obese children were considered fine (according to their weight) by their parents. The children, who did not have their food timely, ate less frequently and ate junk food more than 3-times a week, were found to be more overweight and obese. CONCLUSION: Percentage of overweight and obese children (14.8%) seen in the study has provided evidence that it is not only the urban population or the higher socioeconomic class groups that are affected with the lifestyle related problems but changing lifestyle has affected rural children also.
Key words: Rural, body mass index, lifestyle, overweight, obesity, school children |
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2016;4:2
Original Article |
Bhagat VM, Baviskar SR, Giri VC, Ali MKS.
Evaluation of Leprosy Case Detection Campaign (LCDC) in Jharkhand: The Way Forward for Elimination of Leprosy. |
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Abstract: The first phase of Leprosy Case Detection Campaign was conducted in selected 7 states of India during Mar.-Apr. 2016. The current cross sectional observational study was conducted in four districts as a part of the monitoring LCDC activities in Jharkhand. The evaluation of this campaign was conducted in five components IEC, Training, h-t-h survey activity, supervision and reporting. 53.46 % persons were screened, 4660 suspects were examined for presence of leprosy and 513 leprosy cases were confirmed. Among these 40.55% were MB, 8.58 % were child cases and 0.97 % were cases of Grade II disability. Cases detected during 14 days activity were more than the annual case detection in Godda District, two third of the annual case detection in E. Singhbhum and Dumka Districts. Overall the activity was noted to be satisfactory and comparable with the previous active case detection drives. The need of improvement in supervision was felt.
Key words: Leprosy, Case detection, Jharkhand |
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This Article |
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2016;4:3
Review Article |
Onyeaghala AA, Onyeaghala CG, Oluboyo OA.
Iodine Replete among Populations in Nigeria: Is the Population Tending Towards the Development of Iodine Induced Hyperthyroidism (IIH)? |
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Abstract: Iodine is a micronutrient which is required for normal thyroid function. The recommended daily intake for iodine is 150 µg, however in pregnant women; higher levels up to 250 µg could be required. Deficiency of iodine in any given population results in iodine deficiency disorder (IDD). Researchers in Nigeria as far back as 1967 had reported the existence of IDD. To combat this public health problem with its associated medical consequences, a policy to ensure salt iodization was enacted. The Nation’s consistent approach to combat IDD was globally recognized and it was adjudged as the only country in Africa that had achieved the goals of sustained elimination of IDD. Although the health benefits derivable from salt iodization seem to outweigh its risk, yet recent epidemiological data are pointing that populations within the country could be tending toward the development of Iodine Induced Hyperthyroidism (IIH), a common disorder associated with salt iodization following chronic iodine deficiency. The need therefore to use evidence based approach to re-examine the County’s iodization policy as well as investigate the impact of salt iodization on thyroid hormone formation, metabolism and associated pathologies becomes very imperative. This could be very helpful in order to prevent the burden of non- communicable disease in a nation already battling with epidemics of various infectious diseases.
Key words: Iodine Induced Hyperthyroidism, iodine, goiter. |
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This Article |
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2016;4:4
Original Article |
Moodley Y.
Is HIV a Risk Factor for Adverse In-Hospital Cardiovascular Events Following Noncardiac Surgery? |
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Abstract: Background: It is unknown whether HIV infection is a risk factor for adverse in-hospital cardiovascular events (AICEs) following noncardiac surgery. We conducted an unmatched case-control analysis of adult noncardiac surgery patient data from the 2009-2011 California State Inpatient Database (SID) to address this question. Methods: HIV status, established risk factors, and AICEs were determined for each eligible patient in the SID. The final analysis involved 1145 patients who suffered an AICE (cases), and 2290 patients who did not suffer an AICE (controls). Data were analysed using univariate (Mann-Whitney U test, ?2 and Fisher’s Exact Test) and multivariate (binary logistic regression) statistical methods. Results: HIV infection was not an independent predictor of AICEs in this study (Odds Ratio: 2.711, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.874-8.405; p=0.084). Conclusion: Further research is required to determine whether HIV infection, particularly that which is poorly controlled, is associated with a higher risk of AICEs following noncardiac surgery.
Key words: HIV, noncardiac surgery, adverse cardiovascular events |
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2016;4:5
Original Article |
Rakhshan M, Khoshnoo Z, Molazem Z, Zare N.
Open-heart Surgery Complications Following Programmed Education and Nurses' Clinical Competence. |
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Abstract: Heart surgery can lead to certain complications that, if not diagnosed and treated on time, can be fatal. In view of the fact that nurses' clinical competence affects the quality of clinical judgment, the present study aimed to explore the effect of programmed education and nurses' clinical competence on complications following open-heart surgeries. The results of the present study showed that a closer attention to regular and programmed education and informing of open-heart surgery patients, especially before surgery and at the time of discharge, along with the clinical competence of nurses in ICUs, can reduce the incidence of post-surgery complications. Since the nurses' clinical competence greatly affects their clinical judgments and quality of care, paying greater attention to the nurses' education through systematic programs and increasing the clinical competence can lead to fewer post-heart-surgery complications; this, in turn, reduces the length of stay and the ensuing costs.
Key words: Post-open-heart surgery complications, Patient education, Nurses' clinical competence |
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This Article |
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2016;4:6
Original Article |
Mathew KJ, Pathak A, Rai S, Sangeeta SJ.
Risk of Psychological Distress Among Individuals Living with a Mentally Ill Person: A Study from a Backward State of India and its Implications. |
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Abstract: Purpose: Psychological distress is often associated with common mental disorders. Studies show the measurements of psychological distress have a higher level of sensitivity and specificity toward serious mental illnesses. Present study aims to compare the presence and risk of psychological distress among individuals living with a mentally ill person and general public. Methods: 240 individuals living with a mentally ill person and 240 individuals from general public were evaluated for psychological distress by using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, version-10. Odd ratio used for calculating the risk of psychological distress. Results: Study reveals nearly 50% and 15% presence of psychological distress respectively among the individuals living with a mentally ill person and general public. The risk for psychological distress was more than five times higher for the individuals living with a mentally ill person. Conclusions: The findings of the study indicate the higher vulnerability and presence of untreated psychiatric morbidity among the relatives’ of psychiatric patients compared to general public.
Key words: Psychological distress, Serious mental illnesses, Living with mentally ill person, Untreated mental illness. |
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2016;4:7
Original Article |
Shkurat TP, Lebedenko AA, Mashkina EV, Semernik OE, Dreyzina TK.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Genetic Aspects in Children with Asthma in the Rostov Region. |
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Abstract: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. It activates neoangigenesis, thus contributing to disruption of the microcirculation in the bronchi and increasing the intensity of exposure to the elements of the inflammatory cascade. So, the goal of this research was to evaluate the role of C-634G VEGFA gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma. In the analysis of the blood no statistically significant differences has been revealed in the genotype frequencies and allele on investigated polymorphism between the control grope of children and the group of children with asthma. The most frequently registrated one is homozygous polymorphism of VEGFA gene. The influence of the polymorphic C-634G of VEGFA gene on the concentration of serum IgE is not revealed.
Key words: Asthma, Vascular endothelial growth factor, Gene polymorphism, Children. |
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This Article |
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2016;4:8
Original Article |
Thomas H, Padmashali P, Prasanna LC, Punja R, Babu PB, Kalthur SG.
Cadaveric Study on Variations in the Arteries of the Gluteal Region with Its Embryological and Clinical Significance. |
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Abstract: Aim: In this manuscript we report a case study on 40 lower limb specimens. In 5% of cases Inferior Gluteal Artery (IGA) was absent and a branch from trunk of Superior Gluteal Artery (SGA) was replacing the distribution of IGA to gluteal region. In 2.5% of cases an additional belly of piriformis was observed. The deep branch of SGA passed deep to it whereas the superficial branch passed between additional belly and piriformis muscle. In 2.5%of cases an arterial branch from IGA was found accompanying sciatic nerve for a short distance. In the remaining 90% of cases SGA and IGA had normal course and distribution. The developmental and clinical significance of the variations in their anatomy is discussed in this study.
Key words: Inferior gluteal artery, Superior gluteal structures entrapment, Piriformis syndrome, Accessory piriformis muscle, Claudication, Persistent Sciatic Artery. |
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This Article |
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2016;4:9
Original Article |
Quadros LS, Bhat N, Jaison J, D'Souza AS.
Morphometry and Morphology of Extracranial Part of Facial Nerve – A Cadaveric Study. |
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Abstract: Introduction: Identification of the extracranial part of facial nerve with respect to bony landmarks is important to avoid injury to it.
Purpose: To measure the length of the facial nerve trunk and its divisions and to measure the distance of the nerve trunk with the mastoid process and atlas. The variations in the divisions and branches were also noted.
Methods: Twenty hemi-faces were dissected. The facial nerve was identified at the stylomastoid foramen and dissected meticulously through the parotid gland. The divisions and branches were identified and traced. The trunk was measured from the stylomastoid foramen to its point of bifurcation. The length of the two divisions were measured up to their branching. The distance from the nerve trunk to the mastoid process and atlas were measured.
Results: Mean length of facial nerve trunk in centimetres was 1.380±0.082, length of upper division was 0.820±0.108 and length of lower division was 0.890±0.090. The mean distance in centimetres between the facial nerve trunk and mastoid process tip was 1.300±0.089 and the distance between facial nerve trunk and transverse process of atlas was 1.645±0.108.
Conclusion: The above data may help in minimising injury to the facial nerve.
Key words: Facial nerve, stylomastoid foramen, mastoid process, atlas. |
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This Article |
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2016;4:10
Original Article |
Ravi R, Yerraguntla K, Gunjawate DR, Ayas M.
Speech Language Pathologist’s Knowledge of Genetics – An Indian Perspective. |
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Abstract: Background and Objectives:The aim of the present study was to examine the knowledge, attitudes and confidence levels about genetics among speech-language pathologists (SLPs) working in India; and further to identify the relationship between knowledge, attitudes and confidence levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was implemented to carry out an email-based survey to assess the knowledge, attitudes and confidence levels about genetics among SLP’s in India. Results: Responses from 121 SLP’s working with pediatric population were analyzed. Results suggested that 70.3% of responses were correct for the genetic knowledge based questions. The confidence levels and attitudes were in the medium categories. The primary sources of learning were from school lesson as reported by the professionals. There existed a positive correlation between knowledge index and the mean attitude and confidence levels. Conclusion: The findings of the present study add valuable information to international literature and provides suggestions towards increasing more topics related genetics into the curricula.
Key words: Genetic, Knowledge, Attitude, General knowledge Index, Speech Language Pathology |
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2016;4:11
Case Report |
Nayak SB, Swamy RS, Kumar N, Rao SS, Abhinita P, Aithal AP, Shetty SD.
Concurrent Variations of Lateral Pectoral, Median, and Musculocutaneous. |
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Abstract: Brachial plexus frequently presents variations of its cords and branches. We saw concurrent variations of lateral pectoral, median and musculocutaneous nerves. There were two lateral pectoral nerves. Median nerve was formed by the union of 3 roots; two lateral roots and one medial root. Medial root arose from the ulnar nerve. Musculocutaneous nerve did not pierce the coracobrachialis muscle. There was a thick communicating branch between the musculocutaneous and median nerves. Though there are reports on individual variations mentioned above, it is very rare to see all of them in the same individual. Knowledge of these variations may be handy in axillary lymph node clearance and performing nerve blocks.
Key words: Lateral pectoral nerve, median nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, brachial plexus |
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2016;4:12
Case Report |
Guru A, Kumar N, Malloor PA, Patil J, Padur AA.
Unusually Looped and Muzzled Branches of Right Coronary Artery. |
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Abstract: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the major cause of death in developed countries as it accounts on an average for 1 of every 5 deaths. Morphological variations of coronary arterial system is one of the causative factor for CAD. Anatomical knowledge of all possible variant patterns of coronary arterial system is imperative in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of CAD. We report here a rare branching pattern of right coronary artery (RCA). The origin of RCA was normal but the course and branching pattern of it were atypical. RCA was not occupying its usual position in atrioventricular (coronary) sulcus and its course was incomplete. It gave a ventricular branch to right ventricle, which presented an unusual looping pattern. It terminated as right marginal artery following its muzzled appearance within the musculature of the ventricle.
Key words: Right coronary artery, looped, atrioventricular groove |
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2016;4:13
Case Report |
Kumar N, Aithal AP, Bishnu A, Swamy RS.
Incidental Case of Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Posterior Thoracic Wall: A Cadaveric Finding. |
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Abstract: Occurrence of secondary tumors from visceral carcinomas on the thoracic cage represent a relatively rare form of metastasis. We present in this report an extremely rare case of an incidental finding of tumor mass (squamous cell carcinoma) in the thoracic wall of an adult male cadaver. During routine dissection of thoracic cavity, we noticed this unique tumor in the posterior thoracic wall. Its gross measurements were noted and a small piece of the tumor mass was processed for histopathological examination, to confirm its nature. The H&E stained section showed presence of infiltrating tumor composed of islands of squamous cells with pleomorphic nuclei, course chromatin, scattered dyskeratotic cells and foci of keratin pearl formation, which confirmed the tumor to be secondary metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Such metastatic tumors with very rare occurrence are an interesting diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for thoracic surgeons.
Key words: Squamous cell carcinoma, human cadaver, thoracic wall, tumor. |
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