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Volume-16 (2017);
No. 3 (July-September 2017)
Published on October 30, 2017
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2017;3:1
Original Article |
Aladeneyi I, Adeneyi OV, Owolabi EO, Fawole O, Adeolu M, Goon DT, Ajayi AI.
Prevalence, Awareness and Correlates of Hypertension Among Urban Public Workers in Ondo State, Nigeria. |
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Abstract: Introduction: Due to the asymptomatic nature of hypertension, its diagnosis is often delayed, thus, leading to increasing morbidity and mortality. This study examines the prevalence, awareness and correlates of hypertension among apparently healthy adults working in an urban area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of 4844 public service workers drawn across the 47 ministries, departments and agencies in Akure, the state capital of Ondo State, Nigeria. The WHO STEPwise questionnaire was used for data collection. Blood pressure (BP), blood sugar, weight and height measurements followed standard procedures. Hypertension was defined as BP of ≥140/90 mmHg or a history of hypertension while self-reported prior diagnosis was defined as hypertension awareness. Bivariate and logistic analysis were performed to determine the prevalence, awareness and correlates of hypertension and a p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 35% while an additional 36.4% had pre-hypertension. Males had a slightly higher prevalence of hypertension (39.1%) compared to females (21.3%). Of all the hypertensive participants (n=1692), only 28% were aware of their hypertension status with a higher awareness rate among females (10.8%) compared to males (8.7%). After adjusting for confounders in a logistic regression model analysis, only male sex, age above 40 years, primary or no education, marriage, obesity and diabetes were independent and significant predictors of hypertension among the study participants. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of hypertension among the study participants with a high hypertension unawareness. There is a need to implement effective workplace health policy and regularly organise health screening for public civil servants in the setting to reduce the burden of undiagnosed hypertension and its accompanying complications.
Key words: Hypertension, Prevalence, Awareness, Correlates, Public workers, Ondo state. |
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2017;3:2
Original Article |
Raut AV, Pakhare AP, Suryawanshi SR.
Morbidity Profile and Health Seeking Behaviour Among Youth - A Cross-Sectional Study from a Slum in Mumbai. |
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Abstract: Background:
Young people hold the key to society's future. Approximately around half of the population in developing and least developed countries is below the age of 25 with around 20 percent in the youth age group of 15 to 24 years. Given such age demographics, it is imperative that if the health needs of young people are not addressed, the global health goals will not be met. Objective: The present study was conducted with an objective to study the prevailing morbidity patterns its epidemiological determinants and health seeking behaviour for the observed morbidities in the youth population from a slum of Mumbai. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Malvani slum area of Mumbai among 540 youth between 15 to 24 years of age. Results: 321 participants (59.4%) had some or the other illness in the 15 days prior to interview. 128 participants (23.7%) had a single complaint while 193 (35.7%) had more than one complaint. Most common illness found in participants was fever (28.5%). Acute respiratory tract infections were found in 20.4%. 8% of the study participants had history of hospitalization in the last one year. The predictors for morbidity in study participants were religion and gender at P<0.01. Conclusion: Although youth is considered as a comparatively healthier age group 60% had some or other acute morbidity. The youths had risk-taking approach towards health with tendency to delay visiting the doctor or buying over-the-counter drugs.
Key words: Youth, Morbidity pattern, Health profile |
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2017;3:3
Original Article |
Veena KS, Shyamilee S, Padmanabhan K, Sudhakar S, Aravind S, Samuel AJ, Aranha VP.
Reliability of Alberta Infant Motor Scale Using Recorded Video Observations Among the Preterm Infants in India: A Reliability Study. |
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Abstract: Background: Assessment of motor function is a vital characteristic of infant development. Alberta Infant Motor scale (AIMS) is considered to be one of the tool available for screening the developmental delays, but this scale was formulated by using western samples. Every country has its own ethnic and cultural background and various differences are observed in the culture and ethnicity. Therefore, there is a need to obtain reliability for the use of AIMS in south Indian population. Purpose: To find the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) on pre-term infants using the recorded video observations in Indian population. Method: 30 preterm infants in three age groups, 0-3 months (10 infants), 4-7 months (10 infants), 8-18 months (10 infants) were recruited for this reliability study. The AIMS was administered to the preterm infants and the performance was videotaped. The performance was then rescored by the same therapist, immediately from the video and on another two consecutive months to estimate intra-rater reliability using ICC (3,1), two-way mixed effects model. For reporting inter-rater reliability, AIMS was scored by three different raters, using ICC (2,k) two-way random effects model and by two other therapists to examine the inter and intra-rater reliability. Results: The two-way mixed effects model for intra-rater reliability of AIMS, ICC (3,1) = 0.99 and for reporting inter-rater reliability of AIMS by two-way random effects model, ICC (2,k) = 0.96. Conclusion: AIMS has excellent intra and inter-rater reliability using recorded video observations among the preterm infants in India.
Key words: Infant Development; Preterm Birth; Reliability of Results; Reproducibility of Findings |
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2017;3:4
Original Article |
Kiran S, Bellur R, Krishnan G.
A Novel Battery of Graded Word and Non-Word Reading Tests to Identify Sub-Lexical Dyslexia in Kannada. |
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Abstract: Background: Sub-lexical dyslexia is characterized by difficulty in reading non-words relative to true words. Identification of this impairment requires tests assessing word and non-word reading performances. No such tests are available in Kannada, a South-Indian language. Objectives: a) to develop and validate: Graded word and Graded non-word reading tests in Kannada b) to standardize the tests by administering on 100 children each from Grades III to VII and to establish grade-wise criteria to identify sub-lexical dyslexia.
Methods: The Graded Word Reading Testwas developed separately for Grades III-VII by compiling 30 words each from Kannada textbook of the specific grade. The Graded Non-word Reading Test was developed by creating 70 randomized non-words. It was then given to 10 Kannada teachers to opine on the pronounceability and suitability of items for target Grades. The test battery was later administered on 25 children with good oral reading skills and subsequently standardized on a cross-section of 500 children from four Kannada-medium schools. This data was used to establish Grade-specific criteria for reading words and non-words in Kannada. Results: The Graded-word and non-word reading test demonstrated good content and face validity. A total of 44 (8.8%) children were identified to have sub-lexical dyslexia across Grades. Conclusion: This novel test battery is first of its kind which also ‘quantifies’ the ‘relative performances’ on word and non-word reading to identify sub-lexical dyslexia in Kannada from Grades III to VII.
Key words: Sub-lexical dyslexia, Non-word reading, Kannada, Semi-syllabic orthography |
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2017;3:5
Original Article |
Ravi R, Gunjawate DR, Yerraguntla K, Noronha JA, Lewis LE, Bellur R.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Among Nurses Towards Newborn Hearing Screening in India. |
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Abstract: Background and objectives: Multidisciplinary team approach can act as the major facilitator for the successful implementation of newborn hearing screening. Nurses can act as a good educator for the parents due to their close association. Therefore, the need was felt to explore the knowledge, attitudes and existing practices towards newborn hearing screening.
Method: Cross-sectional study was carried out using the convenient sampling in a tertiary hospital to assess knowledge, attitude and practices.
Results: The familiarity about newborn hearing screening was relatively low, also there was lack of surety regarding the ideal time for receiving additional testing for the newborns not passing the screening. More than 90% were positive about screening all newborns for hearing loss at the same time 40% felt that it leads to excessive anxiety and concerns.
Conclusion: The role played by nurses include educating parents, explaining parents about impact of hearing loss, follow-up and facilitator for screening process as team member. Nurses showed positive attitude while at the same time emphasized need to have additional information.
Key words: Infants, Hearing, Nurses, Screening |
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2017;3:6
Original Article |
Pandey AK, Kotian SR, Chaitanya RK, D Souza A, Kumar S.
Morphometry of the Palate and Pharyngeal Airway - A Computed Tomographic Study. |
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Abstract: Background: The morphometry of the
palate and pharyngeal airway has a crucial role in the development of disorders like apnea. Therefore the present study aims to explore the shape
and dimensions of the palate and the pharyngeal airway. Materials
and Methods: The study was carried out on normal sagittal and axial
sections of head and neck in 100 CT images. Results: The average length of the hard and soft palates measured 4.49±0.38 and 3.44±0.61cm
respectively. The anteroposterior dimension of the soft palate was 0.90±0.33 cm. The velopalatine angle measured 130.23±9.98º. The luminal areas
were 4.59±1.81, 2.058±1.09 and 2.99±1.08 cm in naso, oro and laryngo pharynx respectively. The soft palate showed varied shapes which were
classified as a straight line, leaf-like, rat-tail, distorted S, crooked and butt like. Conclusion: The present study attempts to provide
a normal database to understand the anatomy of the soft palate and pharyngeal airways.
Key words: Palate, Morphometry, Computed tomography, Pharyngeal airway, Apnea |
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2017;3:7
Original Article |
Pam DD, Omalu ICJ, Akintola AA, Dan Azumi Y, Kalesanwo AO, Babagana M, Muhammad SA, Ocha IM, Adeniyi KA.
The Role of GIS And Remote Sensing in the Control of Malaria. |
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Abstract: Effective control of mosquito requires adequate knowledge of not just the breeding sites but also the habitats and all other environmental factors relating to the Anopheline vector’s life. This is not just to avoid the nuisance they cause but most importantly to curtail the spread of the diseases they transmit. This paper identified environmental factors being chiefly responsible for the proliferation of the vector with Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) as viable tools in the control of the diseases they transmit. Effective application and utilization of the spatial technologies also forms a major aspect in the Malaria Early Warning System (MEWS). GIS and RS technology explore all minute details related to the environment, thus it remains a vibrant tool in the epidemiological studies of vector borne diseases.
Key words: Geographic Information System, Remote Sensing, Malaria Early Warning System, Anopheline Mosquito |
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2017;3:8
Case Report |
Woon NC, Kosai NR, Jarmin R, Shuhaili MA, Taher MM, Rajan R.
Double Trouble: Concurrent Sigmoid Volvulus and Gastric Volvulus in Alzheimer’s Disease. |
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Abstract: Background: Volvulus is the rotation of a hollow viscus either on its mesentery or upwards against its own body. Multiple gastrointestinal volvuli occurring in a single individual is extremely rare. Several reports have suggested sequential dilatation of the proximal sigmoid as the triggering factor for the development of the gastric volvulus. This is only the 4th case of concurrent sigmoid and gastric volvulus to be reported in the world and the first in Asia, making it a rare and unique learning opportunity for surgeons of all ages with varying levels of experience.
Case Report: We discuss an acute presentation of concurrent sigmoid and gastric volvulus in an elderly individual with underlying Alzheimer’s disease. Despite initial endoscopic treatment, he eventually succumbed as a result of septic shock with multi-organ failure secondary to bowel ischemia.
Discussion and Conclusion: The increased morbidity and mortality risk associated with the dual pathology warrants high index of suspicion and prompt management. Clinical symptoms and radiological imaging is often sufficient to reach a diagnosis. Decision to treat the patient conservatively, endoscopically or surgically would depend on the manner of presentation. The relative vascularity of all affected organs should be taken into consideration when prioritizing the order of organs to be undergo de-torsion and decompression.
Key words: Volvulus, Intestinal obstruction, Gastric outlet obstruction, Colectomy, Gastrectomy, Endoscopy |
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2017;3:9
Case Report |
Padur AA, Kumar N, Nayak SB.
Variant Branching Pattern of Dorsalis Pedis Artery Accompanied with Anomalous Presence of Extensor Hallucis Brevis Muscle. |
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Abstract: During routine dissection, we came across multiple variations in the dorsum of the right foot. Dorsalis pedis artery (DPA) presented with an
unusual branching pattern. The arcuate artery was completely absent, and hence three tarsal branches arose from lateral side of DPA. The first
branch continued as first dorsal metatarsal artery, the second branch continued as the second dorsal metatarsal artery, and the third branch
continued as third dorsal metatarsal artery which also provided a small twig to the fourth intermetatarsal space as the fourth dorsal
metatarsal artery. We also observed the unique presence of extensor hallucis brevis muscle with the origin from the medial part of superior
surface of the calcaneus and inserted to proximal phalanx of great toe. Since the DPA was just beneath this muscle, anomalous presence of the
muscle may lead to compression of DPA. Awareness regarding such variations is critical for angiographers, vascular surgeons, reconstructive
and plastic surgeons.
Key words: Dorsalis pedis artery, extensor hallucis brevis, extensor digitorum brevis, dorsum of foot |
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2017;3:10
Case Report |
Covantev S, Mazuruc N, Belic O.
A Rare Case of Vascularization of the Body and Tail of the Pancreas. |
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Abstract: In the past decade there was an increase in the frequency of operations on the pancreas. This is largely due to the decrease in postoperative mortality and complications of these procedures. Knowledge of variant anatomy of this organ can help to avoid blood loss and irreversible necrotic changes of the abdominal cavity as a result of surgery. During macro and microscopical anatomical dissection of a 72 years old male organ complex we discovered a rare variant of arterial blood supply to the tail and body of the pancreas.
Key words: Great pancreatic artery, Pancreas, Vascularization, Anatomy, Dissection |
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