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Volume-16 (2017);
No. 4 (October-December)
Published on Jan 30, 2018
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2017;4:1
Original Article |
Naidoo L, Magula N, Moodley Y.
Audit of Medical Admissions at a Rural South African Primary Care Hospital Between 2012 and 2016. |
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Abstract: Background: Contemporary audits of medical admissions to South African (SA) primary care hospitals are rare. We sought to address this paucity in the literature.
Methods: This was a retrospective audit of data for 17693 adult medical admissions collected as part of the Hlabisa Hospital administrative database between 01 January 2012 and 31 December 2016. The overall distribution of admissions, characteristics (age, gender, HIV status, Infectious disease–ID, and route of admission), length of stay (LoS), and mortality during the audit was analyzed using crude/univariate statistical methods (Descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, and Mann-Whitney tests). Trends in admissions, median LoS, and mortality were analyzed through simple regression and trend line analysis.
Results: Our most important finding was a moderate trend towards a decline in ID admissions (Trend line slope = -0.2295, R2 =0.6034; p<0.001). Conclusion: Our finding is indicative of the impact of antiretroviral therapy and the epidemiological transition in SA.
Key words: Trends, Medical admissions, Primary care, South Africa. |
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2017;4:2
Original Article |
Salunkhe AH, Pratinidhi A, Kakade SV, Salunkhe JA, Mohte VR, Bhosale T.
Nutritional Status of Mother and Gestational Age. |
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Abstract: Back ground: Mothers’ nutritional status is an important factor in the determination of preterm births among Indian children. Objective: To assess mothers’ nutritional status during pregnancy determining the gestational age. Material and method: A comparative, exploratory approach and Prospective Cohort study design was used to identify maternal risk factors like maternal occupation, nutrition, and rest during night and during day time and education of father influencing on gestational age. The data was collected by using structured interview schedule. All consecutive 365 eligible mothers delivered at Krishna Hospital, Karad till the desired sample size was reached were included in the study. Results: The mean gestational age was lower among mothers doing sedentary, moderate and heavy work, whose calorie requirement was less than RDA [i.e. < 2250 kcal, < 2580 Kcal and < 3200 kcal respectively]. Conclusion: The mean gestational age of babies born to the heavy workers was significantly lower than the moderate and sedentary workers.
Key words: Gestational Age, Nutrition, Mothers’ health, Malnutrition, India |
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2017;4:3
Original Article |
Mathew T, Sundar Raajan G, Ubenthira P, Muruganandham R, Dongre AR.
Community Empowerment for School Health: Action Research. |
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Abstract: Background: One of the authors living in Yelagiri Hills incidentally noticed that the one government school and two hostels there, were facing acute issues with performance and multiple student health issues. Hence the action research was undertaken to address the problem and simultaneously to empower the local community. Methods: It was a mixed-method action research study comprising of quantitative surveys (before- after design) and qualitative approach (participatory intervention). At baseline survey 177 children in two residential hostels and one government school were examined using a locally adapted Global School based Student Health Survey questionnaire. The hemoglobin level was estimated using WHO hemoglobin color scale. The participatory interventions were carried out through School Health Committee. Periodic health checkup with hemoglobin levels and school performance were examined. After one year, 230 children were examined in the follow up survey using the same questionnaire. Results: There was significant improvement in the personal hygiene and reduction in related morbidity among the children. The number of students of hemoglobin level less than 12gm% decreased from 31.4% to 11.3%.The number of students of hemoglobin level more than or equal to 12gm% increased from 68.6% to 88.7%. There was significant decline in anemia from 31.4% from baseline to 11.3% at follow up survey. There was also significant decrease in the malnutrition. Conclusion: The need based participatory health promoting school initiative for tribal children at Yelagiri hills led to a significant improvement in the school performance and general health conditions of the children. The school health committee has played a vital role in the sustainability of the project. The action research could bring positive improvements in health status of school children through active participation of students, parents, teachers and community members.
Key words: Students' health, Periodic health check, Intervention |
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2017;4:4
Original Article |
Sindhuri R, Dongre AR.
Intention to quit tobacco and Perceptions About Enhanced Pictorial Warnings on Tobacco Products Among Male College Students in Puducherry- Mixed-Methods Study. |
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Abstract: Background: Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) recognized pictorial health warnings on tobacco products as a powerful public health intervention tool to communicate health risks and to bring about a behavioral change like quitting and reduction in tobacco consumption Objectives: To explore the perceptions on pictorial warnings on tobacco products and to find out the prevalence of ever and current tobacco product users, influencing factors and barriers in intention to quit tobacco among male college students. Material and Methods: An Exploratory Mixed-Method study [Two Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) among students followed by survey among 450 male college students] was carried out in an engineering college in Puducherry during December 2016- February 2017. Results: As perceived by the students, the new pictorial warnings when compared to the old ones had better precision of pictures, convey the message better and elicit fear among the users. Out of 450 participating students, 57 (12.7%) students were ever users and 39 (8.7%) were current users of tobacco. Among current users, 30 (76.9%) has intention to quit the habit. Out of 450 students, 184 (41.1%) students have noticed the pictorial warnings and 111 (24.7%) of them stated that it will encourage users in quitting. Conclusion: Though the new pictorial warnings bring a sense of fear on initiators, it fails to create an impact on chronic users. Majority of the current users has intention to quit tobacco and would like to follow a healthy lifestyle.
Key words: Tobacco, Youth, Intention to quit, Pictorial warning |
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2017;4:5
Original Article |
Sahoo R, Rege S, Rao S.
Social Participation in Children with Cerebral Palsy. |
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Abstract: Social participation is known to play a significant role in the maintenance of health and well-being. For a child, social participation is an important prerequisite for typical development, since children gather knowledge and develop social skills while interacting with other people. Children with cerebral palsy (CP) however experience limitations in their ability to participate in social activities due to the impairments associated with the damage to the brain. The impairments these children experience include motor, cognitive or a combination of both. We hypothesised that impairments in the motor abilities of a child lead to specific types of limitations in social participation of children with CP and hence the aim of the current study is to learn about the relationship between level of motor impairments and social participation in children with CP. A total of 80 participants in the age range of 6-12 years were recruited for this study. The Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS) and Child Adolescent Scale of Participation (CASP) were administered to gain information about children’s levels of impairment and levels of social participation respectively. Results of the data analysis showed that children with CP had limited social participation in different contexts and activities in accordance with their level of severity of motor impairment.
Key words: Cerebral palsy, Social participation, GMFCS, CASP, Motor impairment |
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2017;4:6
Original Article |
Rakhshan M, Hassani P, Ashktorab T, Majd HA.
Dual Perspective on Experiences of Iranian Patients with Pacemaker: A Mixed Method Study. |
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Abstract: Aim: The aim of this mixed method study is to explore the experiences of cardiac pacemaker patients concerning their illness. Methods: This is a convergence model of triangulation mixed method study. In the quantitative part of this study, illness perceptions of pacemaker patients were assessed using brief illness perception questionnaire (n=150). Concurrent with this quantitative data collection, descriptive phenomenology was used to explore the pacemaker patients’ experiences of their illness (n=13). Results: Quantitative data have demonstrated the patients' perception and interpretation concerning their illness/condition. Qualitative data consists of five themes: life with pacemaker, nature of pacemaker, balance in control, perceived sequel and relief. Finally, through discussion and conclusion, quantitative and qualitative data convergence has been performed and confirmed. Conclusion: This study suggests an important and necessary perspective for systematic consideration to the nature of lay illness perceptions in contemporary nursing practice.
Key words: Illness perception, Cardiac pacemaker, Mixed methodology, Phenomenology |
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2017;4:7
Original Article |
Fasoro AA, Rampal L, Sidik SM, Said SM.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Current Depressive Symptoms among Staff of a Public University in Malaysia. |
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Abstract: Introduction: Depression is an important global public health problem and one of the most common and serious mental disorders. It initiates with the presentation of symptoms before it progresses to a lifetime disorder. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with current depressive symptoms among university staff of a public university in Malaysia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was employed using a probability proportionate to size sampling method to select 683 academic and non-academic staff. A structured validated questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: The prevalence of current depressive symptoms was 14.9% (19.0% among males, 12.5% among females). Gender, age, marital status, monthly family income and self-esteem were significantly associated with current depressive symptoms (p<0.05). The logistic regression model showed that male gender (AOR = 2.04; 95%CI 1.29, 3.20) and younger age (AOR = 2.79; 95%CI 1.16, 6.76) were predictors of current depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The prevalence of current depressive symptoms was 14.9% (19.0% among males, 12.5% among females) among university staff. A mental health promotion intervention is needed to prevent the threat depression poses on the health of the university staff.
Key words: Prevalence, Factors associated, Depressive symptoms, University staff |
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2017;4:8
Original Article |
Yektatalab S, Zeraati S, Hazratti M, Najafi SS.
The Effect of Psychoeducational Intervention on Retirement Syndrome Among Retired Nurses: A Field Trial. |
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Abstract: BACKGROUND: The retired constitutes a large portion of the society, whose psychological problems can have a great impact on mental health and quality of life among their families and society. This field trial study aimed to investigate the effect of psychoeducational intervention on retirement syndrome among retired nurses. METHODOLOGY: A total of 73 retired nurses who obtained score higher than 80 on the measure of retirement syndrome were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (receiving 8 weekly sessions of intervention) and control group (receiving no interventions) by block randomization. Outcomes were measured before, after and two months after the intervention and were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVAs and t-test. RESULTS: The results demonstrated a significant difference between the intervention and control groups regarding the retirement syndrome scores (P<0.00) and its 7 subscales during the three study periods and groups (P<0.00). CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the importance of applying psychoeducational intervention in decreasing retirement syndrome.
Key words: Cognitive therapy, Retirement, Nurse, Field trial, Mental health |
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2017;4:9
original Article |
Ajayi AI, Nwokocha EE, Akpan W, Adeniyi OV, Goon DT.
“It's Sweet Without Condom”: Understanding Risky Sexual Behaviour Among Nigerian Female University Students. |
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Abstract: Background: Over a million people
globally acquire sexually transmitted infections (STI) every day mainly through unprotected sexual contact. While the consequences of risky
sexual behaviour are well documented, the literature on young educated women's perceptions of, and narratives about risky sexual behaviour
is limited, and thus, it is difficult to fathom from available sources why such behaviour persists. This study examined the prevalence of
sexual risk-taking and assessed female University students' knowledge of the consequences of unprotected sex and reasons why such behaviour
persists. Paradoxes between their narratives and risky sexual behaviour were discussed. Methods: The study adopted a mixed study
design involving a survey of 420 students selected using cluster random sampling, 20 in-depth interviews and 5 focus group discussions.
The analysis of the quantitative data involves the use of descriptive and inferential statistics, while thematic content analysis was used
to analyse the qualitative data. Results: High prevalence of unprotected sexual intercourse was reported and was not associated with
age, year of study, place of residence and religion. The narratives of participants indicate that female university students were aware
of the risks associated with unprotected sex. Participants generally condemned sexual risk-taking and asserted that freedom, peer influence,
poverty, ignorance, lack of sex education, civilisation, promiscuity, and satisfying sexual urge were the reasons for the persistent risky
sexual behaviour among female university students. Also, perceived reduced fun associated with condom use, nourishment of marital
expectations, and equivalence of unprotected sex with trust are among the reasons for persistent sexual risk-taking among female university
students. Conclusion: Our findings show that female students practise risky sexual behaviour despite having knowledge of its
consequences. Change in sexual behaviour of this cohort will require multi-faceted strategies targeting socio-cultural norms and
empowerment of women to develop skills in negotiating safe sex.
Key words: Risky sexual behaviour, sexual risk-taking, unprotected sex, female university students, Nigeria |
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2017;4:10
Original Article |
Oluwafemi FS, Abiola A, Akingbade AM, Faeji CO, Oni IO.
Knowledge of Occupational Hazards, Attitude and Practice of Occupational Safety Measures Among Construction Workers in Different Building Sites Located in Ibeju-Lekki Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. |
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Abstract: This is a descriptive cross sectional study aimed at studying the knowledge of occupational hazards, attitude to and practice of occupational safety measures and prevalence of occupational injuries among construction workers in different building sites located at Ibeju-Lekki Local Government in Lagos State. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for construction workers present at the sampled building sites with active ongoing construction activities for six weeks duration. Multistage Clustering sampling was used and a total of 420 respondents participated in the study. Most of the respondents were between 25 to 34 years of age with a mean value of 29.46 ± 7.08 years. The mean knowledge of occupation hazards of respondents was 51.9 ± 17.3 with the majority of respondent (61.9%) having good knowledge of construction occupational hazards. Poor attitude to occupational safety measures with mean value of 45.4 ± 12.8 and poor practice of occupational safety measures with mean value of 31.9 ± 10.4 was observed. A higher proportion of respondents reported cases of injuries ranging from puncturing of foots by sharp objects (95.2%), falling on ground level (89.5%) and injury while handling, lifting or carrying loads (87.4%). Respondents’ knowledge of occupational hazards was found to be statistically associated with their attitude to and practice of occupational measures while their attitude to safety measure is statistically associated with their practice. Hence, the need to provide adequate information on construction hazards and improve the attitude to occupational safety measures for high practice of safety measures especially the utilization of personal protective equipment.
Key words: Occupational hazard, occupational health, safety measures, public infrastructure |
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2017;4:11
Short Report |
D'Souza A, Shobha KL, Sheilini M, Pandey AK, Kotian SR.
An Innovation in Learning and Teaching Basic Life Support: A Community Based Educational Intervention. |
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Abstract: Background: Out of hospital deaths due to cardiac arrest would commonly occur because of the lack of awareness about the quick and right action to be taken. In this context the healthcare students undergo training in basic life support. However the lay persons are not exposed to such training. The present study was intended to train the auto drivers, the basic skills of basic life support by the medical and nursing students. Students got an opportunity to learn and teach the skills under the supervision of faculty. Methods: A total of fourteen students, 20 auto drivers of Manipal were included in the study population. The session on one and two rescuer cardio pulmonary resuscitation and relieving foreign body airway obstruction was conducted by the trained students for the auto drivers under the observation of the faculty. Prior knowledge of the study population was assessed by the pre-session questionnaire followed by a post-session questionnaire at the end of the session. The skill evaluation was carried out using a checklist.
Results: The auto driversparticipated in the session, gained required skills of providing basic life support. The students who trained the study population opined that they got an opportunity to teach basic life support which would help them build their teaching skills and confidence.
Conclusion: The lay persons attaining basic life support skills have a high impact on the management of out of hospital cardiac arrest victims. Involving the healthcare students as instructors makes an innovation in learning.
Key words: Basic life support, auto drivers, students, medical, nursing |
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2017;4:12
Short Report |
Covantev S, Mazuruc N, Belic O.
Renal Veins: Developmental Variations and Clinical Significance. |
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Abstract: Introduction: In comparison with other organs, variants of blood supply to the kidneys were always at special attention. In many respects, the relevance of the topic can be explained by the presence of a large number of surgical and non-surgical procedures performed on this organ, the number of which continues to grow. Material and methods: The study was performed on 28 organ complexes (56 kidneys) obtained from patients of Moldavian origin, fixed in a 10% formalin solution and then carefully dissected. Results: In our study, we found one renal vein in 51 cases (90.1%). Accessory right renal vein was detected in 5 cases (9.9%). Late venous confluence was in seven cases (12.46%), and more often, this variant of venous outflow was seen on the right - 5 cases. We also had a rare case where the adrenal vein drained directly into the upper pole of the kidney (1.78%). In one case (1.78%) we found a left renal vein, which had a retroaortic location. We also found one case (1.78%) of an additional vein on the right and an additional artery on the left. In 20 cases (35.6%) the artery was located in front of the vein in the kidney sinus. Conclusions: The incidence of renal vein variations is relatively lower in Moldavian population compared to other studies. Data, provided in the article, can be used by specialists in urology, nephrology, vascular surgery, as well as in other surgical and therapeutic specialties.
Key words: Renal veins, accessory renal veins, retroaortic left renal rein, late venous confluence. |
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2017;4:13
Case Report |
Mohan M, John S, Rajashekhar B.
Influence of Socio Economic Status on Semantic Fluency in Kannada- English Sequential Bilingual Children. |
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Abstract: The current study aims at investigating the influence of socio-economic status on semantic fluency performance in Kannada- English sequential bilingual children the objectives of the study were to compare performance on semantic fluency task in typically developing Kannada- English sequential bilingual children from middle and low socio economic status (LSES and MSES). Study recruited a total of 50 students, studying in 3rd standard who were Kannada - English sequential bilingual children coming from LSES and MSES. The total number of correct word production across animal fluency task of semantic fluency was assessed in Kannada (L1) and English (L2). Poisson’s regression was done. Results indicated significantly poorer performance of LSES children when compared to MSES peers, with respect to total word production and production across languages. This shows that socio economic status is an important factor in determining the word output in children.
Key words: Bilingual, semantic fluency, low socio-economic status, children |
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2017;4:14
Short Report |
alJbeery AS, alShaifani AA, alMutlaq SM, Salati SA.
Mastalgia– A Study from the Middle East. |
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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mastalgia is a common breast symptom experienced by females of reproductive age. The purpose of this study was to analyze the profile of females with mastalgia. METHODS: This cross sectional study was conducted in June 2017 in the Department of Surgery, Unaizah College of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. A self designed questionnaire was used to interview the females after proper explanation and consent. RESULTS: 979 females participated and prevalence of mastalgia was found to be 59%. Most of the patients experienced pain for less than 7 days per month. Reassurance was the main modality of management. CONCLUSION: Mastalgia is a common breast symptom with prevalence of about 59% that is comparable to that of western populations. There is a suggestion for further studies to gain greater understanding of this disease.
Key words: Mastalgia, cyclic, non-cyclic, prevalence, reassurance |
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2017;4:15
Case Report |
Gadicherla S, Kamath AT, Dhara VB, Smriti K.
Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor Involving Maxillary Antrum. |
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Abstract: Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) is a benign intraosseous neoplasm of the jaw which is derived from epithelial remnants of the tooth germ and basal cells of the overlying oral epithelium. The occurrence of KCOT in the maxilla is very less compared to the mandible. The incidence of KCOT in maxillary sinus with impacted third molar is very uncommon. This paper reports such a case of KCOT associated with maxillary third molar involving maxillary sinus, diagnosis and treatment of which was based on thorough radiographic evaluation. Very few cases have been reported so far in literature pertaining to the same.
Key words: Keratocystic odontogenic tumor, maxillary third molar, maxillary sinus, computed tomography |
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2017;4:16
Case Report |
Nayak SB.
Inverted Calot’s Triangle and Associated Vascular Variations. |
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Abstract: This report describes the concurrent vascular and ductal variations of the hepatobiliary system. The right hepatic artery arose directly from the common hepatic artery, passed through the Calot’s triangle and entered the right lobe of the liver through the gall bladder fossa. The left hepatic artery arose from a common gastrohepatic trunk and entered the left lobe of the liver through fissure for ligamentum venosum. It gave two esophageal branches before entering the liver. The cystic duct was broad, straight and opened on the left side of the common hepatic duct, thus giving a mirror image appearance to the Calot’s triangle. This report is likely to be the first on such combined variations at the vicinity of the liver.
Key words: Cystic duct, hepatic artery, gallbladder, artery, celiac |
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