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Volume-20 (2021);
No. 2 (April-June)
Published on August 25, 2021
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2021;2:1
Original Article |
Singh M, Amita K.
Prevalence and Determinants of Obesity/overweight and Undernutrition Among School Going Adolescents 10 to 17 years in Rural Area of South India. |
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Abstract: Introduction: India is going through a nutritional, epidemic and economic transition. Despite undernutrion among adolescents being a major health concern, there is an additional increased burden of overweight and obesity in this group of individuals
Aim: To determine the prevalence of dual burden of undernutrition and overweight or obesity among school going adolescents aged 10 to 17 years at the population level and determine the associated socioeconomic factors.
Materials and Methods: A Cross-sectional community based observational model comprising of 900 school going adolescents aged 10 to 17 years in and around Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, BG Nagara was adopted. A semi structured questionnaire was administered to obtain the sociodemographic details. Height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured using prior validated and standard tools. Association between nutritional parameters and various risk factors was done by chi-square test or Fisher Exact test. Logistic regression analysis was done. p <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: The prevalence of stunting and underweight was (110/900) 12.2% & (524/900) 58.2% respectively. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 3.3% & 0.8% respectively. Prevalence of dual burden (underweight, overweight and obesity) was 62.3 %. There was significant association between dual burden and age, maternal education and socioeconomic status (p-0.019, p≤0.001, p≤0.001 respectively).
Conclusion: The prevalence of dual burden was high among adolescents. There is a need for policy makers to take measures to combat this dual burden to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with dual burden of malnutrition.
Key words: Adolescent health, Malnutrition, Thinness |
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2021;2:2
Original Article |
Singh S, Singh N, Ahiwar R, Sagar SK, Mondal PR.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health of General Population and University Students Across the World: A Review. |
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Abstract: Background: With the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic across the world, people have suffered an unexpected setback to their mental health. As psychological support is being provided to patients and healthcare workers, the general population and university students go unnoticed. This review aims to present existing literature that reports the effects of COVID-19 on psychological outcomes of the general population and university students in different countries. Methods: A manual search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar and Mendeley from inception to 31st January 2021. Articles were selected based on the predetermined eligibility criteria. Results: During COVID-19 pandemic, relatively high rates of depression (4.5% to 72.3%), anxiety (12.7% to 85.7%) and stress (5% to 90.1%) were reported in the general population as well as in university students, depression (3% to 70.5%), anxiety (9% to 63.3%) and stress (61.5% to 25%) in India, Nepal, Pakistan, China, Spain, US, UK, France, Egypt, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia. Risk factors associated include female gender, younger age group (≤40 years), unemployment, student status, and frequent exposure to social media/news concerning COVID-19. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with highly significant levels of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety and stress. Alleviating the hazardous effects of COVID-19 on mental health should be given due attention internationally.
Key words: COVID-19, General population, University students, Anxiety, Depression, Stress |
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2021;2:3
Original Article |
Nanjunda DC, Murthy R, Yogesh, Dinesha, Lakshmi SJ, D'Souza L.
Recent Trends in Selected Socio- economic Determinants of Suicide: A Cross Sectional Study from South Karnataka, India. |
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Abstract: The rate of suicide is far more prevalent than reported in India and over the last few decades. The main objective of this study is to establish the correlation of selected socio-economic determinants for suicide and its link to the caste issue. This is a cross-sectional study based on police records in Mysore City, Karnataka between the years 2017 to 2021. In the study period, 923 suicide cases were registered, of which 57% were from urban areas and 43% were from rural areas. Mental illness, loan and health issues are the major causes of suicide. The 21-30 age groups had the highest rate (32.5%) of suicide suspecting quarter-life crisis in contrast to the national crime record bureau report. Male victims have outnumbered women. The study found socioeconomic factors, like low schooling (24%), unskilled job (43%), poor income (74%), are significantly linked to higher suicide rates. As a first time it is noted that the highest rate of suicide among excluded castes (79.5%). Well-off castes have shown a low rate of suicide (12%). The study concludes that suicide is connected with the disadvantaged caste factor and poor socio-economic deterrents, including low income, low schooling, and occupation. It is advocated that poverty-related mental disorder needs urgent policy interventions today.
Key words: Suicide, socio-economic, income, education, caste |
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2021;2:4
Original Article |
Kulkarni AR, Nair HP, Maheswari E, Balekuduru A, Saraswathy GR, Swaroop AM.
Deprescribing of Inappropriately Consumed Proton Pump Inhibitors and its Clinical Consequences. |
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Abstract: The study aimed to deprescribe inappropriate consumption among Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) users and assess the clinical consequences of deprescribing. This is a prospective interventional study carried out among patients aged >18 years and consuming PPI. The “potentially inappropriate” patients were counseled on harms of inappropriate PPI usage, impact of healthy dietary and lifestyle habits employing a Patient Information Leaflet (PIL). The patients deprescribed were followed up through telephonic communication. Global Overall Symptom scale (GOS) was utilized to assess gastric discomfort before and after deprescribing. From 745 patients recruited, 226 (30.33%) were classified under “potentially inappropriate”, out of which 113 (15.16%) were deprescribed. When paired t-test was applied, GOS scale indicated significant difference in symptoms before and after deprescribing (P- value<0.01). Deprescribing of PPI decreased the incidence of long-term ADR, cost burden and promotes healthy lifestyle therefore, may help improving Quality of Life (Q0L).
Key words: Proton Pump Inhibitors, Deprescribing, Adverse Drug Reactions, Quality of Life |
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2021;2:5
Original Article |
Sharma S, Noronha C, Latha T, Bhat SN.
Spinal Brucellosis from a Tertiary Care Hospital, South India. |
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Abstract: Spinal brucellosis is the most common osteoarcitcular complication of brucellosis. It can affect any part of the spine with or without neural involvement. The objective of this study was to identify the clinical ministrations, diagnostic measures and treatment modalities of adult patients with spinal brucellosis. The data were collected from medical records of spinal brucellosis. In three years, 107 patients were treated for brucellosis, of which 28 (26.17%) patients had spinal brucellosis. Backache (p=0.0001), feeling of mass or lump along the spine (p=0.0335), pain while walking (p=0.0204) and altered sensation of lower limb (p=0.0011) were the significant clinical manifestations. Other symptoms were fever (75%), weight loss (42.86%) and night sweats (35.71%). Type 2 Diabetes mellitus was identified as a co-morbidity (p=0.0187). Nineteen patients had abnormal magnetic resonance imaging and lumbar (L4-L5) vertebrae were the most commonly infected area. Patients have received symptomatic management along with appropriate antibiotics.
Key words: Spine, brucellosis, discitis, spondylosis, epidemiology, low back pain |
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2021;2:6
Short Report |
Pradhan KB, Sarbhadhikari SN, John P.
A Framework of Responsible Innovation (RI) Model for Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Indian Healthcare. |
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Abstract: COVID 19 pandemic has hastened the digitalization of healthcare in India and a key disruption has been the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled systems. AI enabled healthcare information system (HIS) is the fountain bed on which AI can grow as it impacts data collection, data cleaning, data privacy, data comprehensiveness, and data robustness. The allied healthcare staff are vital for using AI enabled Health / Hospital Information Systems (HIS). AI, like any other technology, can be used as a double edged sword and can be used for both good and bad purposes. Therefore, responsible innovation (RI) is essential to tilt the balance more towards social good rather than harm. Here we propose a framework of RI model for useful adoption of healthcare delivery in India that is AI-enabled. This will need policy level driving, as well as ethical building of capacity of the human resources required for healthcare delivery.
Key words: Responsible Innovation Framework, AI for Healthcare, Responsible AI for Indian Healthcare, Policy making and Capacity Building |
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This Article |
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2021;2:7
Original Article |
Ahmad N, Jain S. A 4 Year Analysis of Seasonality and Trends of Tuberculosis from 2016 to 2019 at a Tertiary Care Center in North Delhi.
Clinical Profile and Outcome of Severe Sepsis Related Acute Kidney Injury Among Patients Admitted in Intensive Care Unit – An Observational Prospective Study. |
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Abstract: Purpose: Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and transmitted by untreated smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases while coughing, and sneezing. This retrospective study was aimed to assess the tuberculosis seasonality and trend analysis among patients attending various clinics of Hindu Rao Hospital between 2016-2019.
Methods: Retrospective data analysisof samples sent to Mycobacteriology laboratory of Hindu Rao Hospital for ZN staining procedure for tuberculosis from patients attending various clinics of Hindu Rao Hospital during 2016-2019 was done. Results: In our study, during the course of 4 years, 263 (2.66%) out of total 9855 samples were positive for acid fast bacilli by ZN staining method. Out of 263 cases, 201 (76.42%) were pulmonary tuberculosis and 62 (23.57%) cases were of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Conclusion: Like pulmonary tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis is also a significant health problem in India and carries an important role in epidemiology of tuberculosis. Necessary and epidemiology based guided efforts should be made and directed towards early and prompt diagnosis of such cases with the help of more sensitive and specific newer diagnostic tests.
Key words: Pulmonary tuberculosis, Extrapulmonary tuberculosis |
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2021;2:8
Case Report |
Chakrabarty A, Rai S, Saravu K.
Wolfram to Alstrom: Analysis of a Diagnostic Error. |
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Abstract: Wolfram syndrome (DIDMOAD) and Alstrom syndrome are two rare, clinically similar diseases inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. We report the case of a 19 year old male who presented with left upper abdominal mass and two episodes of high coloured urine. He was a diagnosed case of Wolfram syndrome and exhibited classical features such as juvenile onset diabetes mellitus, vision difficulties and hearing loss. The patient’s new symptoms were irreconcilable with the previous diagnosis and after a thorough workup, the diagnosis was revised to Alstrom syndrome. In this paper, we hope to explore the challenges faced in making a clinical diagnosis of this syndrome in a step by step analysis of the path to rectifying a misdiagnosis. This disease is often not identified due to its rarity, lack of information on the natural history and presentation of the disease and financial constraints of the patient. We also aim to highlight the lack of accessible diagnosis and management infrastructure for people with rare diseases.
Key words: Wolfram Syndrome, Alstrom Syndrome, DIDMOAD, Diabetes Mellitus |
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This Article |
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2021;2:9
Case Report |
Vimal M, Sikdar N.
Thyroid in the Thigh – A Rare Presentation of Follicular Carcinoma. |
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Abstract: Follicular carcinoma is the second commonest thyroid malignancy. Blood borne metastasis is common with spread to the lungs and bones. However, metastasis to the skeletal muscles is an extremely rare manifestation. Skeletal muscle metastasis is most commonly associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma and rarely with follicular carcinoma. Follicular carcinomas usually remain asymptomatic and are associated with poor prognosis. Here we present a case of 55 year old female with large neck and thigh swelling. Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) revealed it as follicular neoplasm with thigh metastasis.
Key words: Thyroid, Follicular carcinoma, Fine needle aspiration cytology, Ultrasonography, Metastasis. |
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2021;2:10
Case Report |
Singh VK, Rasheed H, Singh BMK, Guruvare S.
Xanthogranulomatous Degeneration in a Leiomyoma – First Documentation. |
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Abstract: Xanthogranulomatous inflammation of the female genital tract is rare with documented cases confined to the endometrium, fallopian tube, and ovary. A careful search of English literature yielded only two reports pf myometrial involvement by xanthgranulomatous inflammation. Herein, we present a case of 37-year-old diabetic female with a previously diagnosed anterior wall fibroid who presented with lower abdominal pain. A repeat transvaginal sonography confirmed the presence of a fundal subserosal fibroid with degenerative changes. The patient underwent myomectomy and there were no adhesion or involvement of adnexa in intraoperative examination. Pathological examination of the same revealed leiomyoma with degenerative changes and xanthogranulomatous inflammation. The present case of xanthogranulomatous degeneration occurring de-novo in a leiomyoma, is to the best of our knowledge the first documentation of this entity.
Key words: Xanthogranulomatous inflammation, Leiomyoma, Foam cells, Granuloma, Necrosis |
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