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Volume-7 (2008);
Issue 1 (January-March) Published on June 9, 2008
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2008;1-1
Editorial |
Baliga BS, Baliga S.
Vaacines: Propaganda and Practice |
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Abstract: Vaccines are a cost effective,
time tested means of reducing morbidity and mortality. As more and more new
vaccines are introduced and more diseases come under the purview of
‘vaccination net’, the routine immunization program is sidelined. This is compounded by
vaccination practices in private health care system and anti vaccine
propaganda and confusing pro vaccine propaganda. The primary purpose of the
vaccine is shifting from prevention of diseases to monetary gains for the
health care providers and manufacturers. There is a need to regulate the
vaccination practices in the private health care system especially in the
developing countries. The regulatory process should educate not only the
community but also the health care providers and take adequate measures to
control the ‘vaccine market forces’
Key words:
Immunization, Vaccine propaganda, Immunization program, Anti vaccine campaign |
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This Article |
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2008;1-2
Original Article |
Nath B, Singh JV, Awasthi S, Bhushan V, Kumar V, Singh SK.
KAP
Study on Immunization of Children in a City of North India – A 30
Cluster Survey. |
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Abstract: Background: To determine the knowledge, attitude and practices about immunization
among respondents of children aged 12-23 months. Methods:
A total of 510 respondents were interviewed in the urban slums of Lucknow
district of India, using 30 cluster sampling technique from January
2005 to April 2005. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was
used to elicit the information about the knowledge, attitude and practices
of the respondents regarding immunization. Results:
Knowledge regarding the disease prevented, number of doses and correct
age of administration of BCG was highest among all the categories of
respondents. The paramedical worker was the main
source of information to the respondents of completely (52.0%) and partially
immunized (48.5%) children while community leaders for unimmunized children.
Those availing private facilities were more completely immunized, as
compared to the government facilities. 55.8% of those who took 20 minutes
to reach the immunization site were completely immunized as compared
to 64.1% of those who took more than 20 minutes. Conclusion:
Considering the incomplete knowledge, and inappropriate practices of
the people, the policy makers and medical professionals require Herculean
efforts to raise the knowledge and to break the old beliefs of the people
Key words: Immunization, KAP study, 30
cluster sampling |
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This Article |
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2008;1-3
Original Article |
Dongre AR, Deshmukh PR, Garg BS.
Perceived
responsibilities of Anganwadi Workers and malnutrition in rural
Wardha. |
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Abstract:
Objectives:
To find out the nutritional status of under-six children attending ICDS
scheme and to study Anganwadi workers’ (AWW) perceived work
load and operational problems. Material and Methods: A triangulated
research design of quantitative (survey) and qualitative (Venn diagram,
seasonal calendar) methods was used. Nutritional status of children
was assessed by a survey. Participatory methods like Venn diagram and
Seasonal calendars were used to collect qualitative data regarding AWWs
perceived work load and food security with malnourished children.
Results: Overall, prevalence of underweight and severe underweight
among children under-six was found to be 53% and 15% respectively and
among children below three years it was 47% and 15% respectively. Venn
diagram showed AWWs’ multiple responsibilities. In seasonal diagram
exercise, the mothers of severely malnourished children showed enough
food availability in their house across all months of a year.
Conclusion: To efficiently tap the potential of
AWWs for reducing multidimensional problem of malnutrition, ICDS needs
to design and implement flexible, area-specific and focused activities
for AWW.
Key words: Underweight, Malnutrition, Mother’s education, Caste, Food scarcity |
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This Article |
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2008;1-4
Original Article |
Adekanle DA,
Isawumi AI.
Late Antenatal Care Booking And Its Predictors Among Pregnant Women In South Western Nigeria. |
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Abstract:
Introduction: Antenatal
care is concerned mainly with prevention, early diagnosis and treatment
of general medical and pregnancy associated disorders. For it to be
meaningful, early booking is recommended, however, late booking is still
a major problem.Objective:
To determine the prevalence of late booking in our environment and factors
related to it.
Methodology:
A descriptive cross-sectional study using structured interviewer assisted
questionnaires.Results: Mean
gestational age at booking was 20.3±6.2 weeks. Prevalence of late entry
to antenatal care was 82.6%. Maternal education and age remained significant
factors influencing late booking.Conclusion:
Late booking is still a major problem in this part of the world. Public
enlightenment, health education coupled with women empowerment would
be helpful in reducing the problem
Key words: Antenatal care, Late booking, Gestational age, Risk factors |
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This Article |
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2008;1-5
Original Article |
Roychowdhury J, Chaudhuri S, Sarkar A, Biswas PK.
A Study To Evaluate The Aetiological Factors And Management of Puberty Menorrhagia. |
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Abstract:
Introduction:
This study aims to evaluate the incidence, clinical presentation,
etiological factors and treatment outcomes of the patients suffering
from puberty menorrhagia. Methods:
65 patients with puberty menorrhagia attending the outpatient as well
as indoor department of NRS Medical College, Kolkata during the period
from February, 2005 to July,2006 were included in the study. They were
prospectively analysed to assess the aetiological factors and the outcome
of treatment required to manage these cases.Results
– The incidence of puberty menorrhagia was 9.6% in our study.
40%s patients had menarche between 12-13 years. 61.6% had anovulatory
dysfunctional uterine bleeding(DUB). 15.4% had hematological causes.
Hypothyroidism, endometrial tuberculosis, polycystic ovarian disease
were other important causes. 40% were relieved with tranexamic acid,
26% required hormone treatment and 35.3% received blood transfusion.
Conclusion: Anovulatory
DUB is the cause of menorrhagia in most of the cases .Medical treatment
is mostly effective while surgical procedures are limited to few specific
cases.
Key words: Puberty menoorhagia, Anovulation, Hematological disease, Polycystic
ovarian disease |
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This Article |
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2008;1-6
Original Article |
Bin Ghouth AS.
Using Computer and Internet for Medical Literature Searching Among Medical Students
in Hadramout University, Yemen. |
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Abstract:
Background:
Some researchers have observed that medical students used computer and internet
for nonmedical purposes. Is this the case among medical students in
a newly established medical college of Hadramout University in Yemen?Objectives:
To assess the knowledge and usage of computer and internet among medical
students of Hadramout University, find out the medical applications
for which they use internet, and the factors that encourage the students to use computer
and internet, with an emphasis on gender variations.Methods:
In a cross-sectional study, data were collected from 102 randomly selected
students from second to sixth year at the academic year 2005/2006 by using
structured questionnaire of 23 items. Results:
Seventy four students have computer at home (73%), 77 students
use internet for general purposes (76.2%) and lesser use internet for educational and research purposes, with significant
gender variations. The students opined that accessibility of internet in the
college (84.2%) and training about online searching (74.3%) were the most
expected factors to improve using of internet for medical research.Conclusion:
Incorporating online search of medical literature in curriculum
planning is essential to improve the student skills in research.
Key words: Internet,
Medical student, Hadramout |
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This Article |
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2008;1-7
Brief Communi-cation |
Wiwanitkit V.
Interaction between cellular
retinoic acid-binding protein II and histone hypoacetylation in renal
cell carcinoma. |
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Abstract:
Renal
cell carcinoma is a rare but serious malignancy. Since a reduction in
the level of retinoic acid receptor beta 2 (RARbeta2) expression in
cancer cells due in part to histone hypoacetylation which is controlled
by histone deacetylase (HD), the study on the interaction between cellular
retinoic acid-binding proteins II (CRABP II), which is proposed to have
its potential influence on retinoic acid (RA) response, and HD can be
useful. Comparing to CARBP II and HD, the CARBP II-HD poses the same
function and biological process as HD. This can confirm that HD has
a significant suppressive effect on the expression of CARBP II. Therefore,
reduction in the level of RARbeta2 expression in cancer cells can be
expected and this can lead to failure in treatment of renal cell carcinoma
with RA. The author hereby purpose that additional HD inhibitor should
be added into the regiment of RA to increase the effectiveness of treatment.
Key words: Retinoic acid, Cellular
retinoic acid-binding proteins,
Histone deacetylase, Renal cell carcinoma |
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This Article |
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2008;1-8
Brief Commu-nication |
Wiwanitkit V.
Cost utility analysis of
diagnostic method of syphilis. |
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Abstract:
Presently,
the diagnosis of syphilis is dependent mainly on serological tests.
The most widely used screening tests for syphilis are the VDRL and the
rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and for confirmation, the fluorescent treponemal
antibody (FTA) and the treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) tests.
The four alternative modes for diagnosis of syphilis can be a) VDRL + FTA, b)
VDRL + TPHA, c) RPR + FTA and d) RPR + TPHA. Here the author reports
an evaluation of cost utility of these tests in medical practice. It is shown that the cost per accurate diagnosis
with VDRL + TPH is the least expensive choice. Therefore, this alternative
is the best method for serological diagnosis for syphilis, based on
medical laboratory economics principles.
Key words: Serology, Diagnosis,
Syphilis |
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This Article |
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2008;1-9
Brief Commu-nication |
Ranjan R, Bhat JS.
DPOAE in
HIV infected adults. |
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Abstract:
HIV infection
is associated with impairment of hearing function, at any stage of disease
causing complication to the external, middle, inner ear
and CNS. Audiological manifestation of HIV is a direct consequence
of virus or secondary to the pharmacological treatment or viral complication. Objectives:
There is paucity of information pertaining to hearing status in HIV.
As the deafness can occur at any stage of HIV with varying degree and
people with HIV live longer, there is need to address the hearing problems
in these individuals. So this study aimed detecting the outer hair cell
functioning by doing DPOAE in normal hearing HIV infected adults.
Method: The experimental group comprised of
12 HIV infected (24 ears) within 20 to 40 years. The
age matched control group comprised of 15 subjects (30 ears).
All the subjects had normal hearing sensitivity. Initially puretone
audiometry and immittance was performed for the subject selection. Subsequently
DPOAE procedure was done. Results:
The DPOAE was abnormal in 50% of the subjects.Conclusion:
It can be concluded that the cochlear involvement is a common observation
in HIV infected individuals. DPOAE test
can be used as a tool for early identification of cochlear pathology
in HIV infected.
Key words: HIV, DPOAE, Outer hair cell function, Central nervous system |
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This Article |
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2008;1-10
Case Report |
Singh RK, Varshney S, Bist SS, Gupta N.
A rare nasopharyngeal foreign body. |
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Abstract:
Nasopharynx
is an exceptionally rare anatomical location for foreign body impaction.
We present a rare case of nasopharyngeal foreign body (NFB) in a 7 years
old child. The diagnosis was confirmed by nasal endoscopy. Immediate
removal of foreign body (FB) in the nasopharynx was performed under
general anesthesia. This rare situation is potentially dangerous, since its dislodgment may cause
fatal airway obstruction. Therefore, in all cases with missing foreign
bodies in the aerodigestive system, nasopharyngeal impaction should
be kept in mind and endoscopic examination of the region should be considered.
Key words: Foreign body, Nasopharynx |
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This Article |
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2008;1-11
Case Report |
Kumar S, Sharma M, Sharma A, Raina R.
An interesting case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. |
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Abstract:
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an uncommon inflammatory
demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The disease typically
occurs after infections or vaccinations. However, in many patients with
ADEM, no evidence of prior infection or vaccination can be found. We
are reporting a patient who developed clinical and radiological features
of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after trauma of repeated attempts
at lumber puncture for spinal anesthesia.
Key words: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
(ADEM), Monophasic, Exanthematous fevers |
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This Article |
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