|
|
|
Volume-9 (2010);
Issue 1 (January-March) Published: July 30, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010;1-1 |
| Editor's Note |
|
This Article |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010;1-2
Original Article |
Dixit S, Sakalle S, Patel GS, Taneja G, Chourasiya S.
Evaluation of functioning of ICDS project areas under
Indore and Ujjain divisions of the state of Madhya Pradesh. |
|
Abstract: Background:
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is recognized worldwide
as one of the most efficient community based programmes promoting early
childhood care. Regular evaluations of the programme have been conducted
to make it more effective and adequate for the beneficiaries. Objectives:
To evaluate the functioning of the Anganwadi Centers under different
project areas of Indore and Ujjain Divisions. Methods:
Under the present evaluation system one ICDS project and five Anganwadi
Centers under the project area (AWCs) were visited on a monthly basis
and services provided reviewed. Findings reported are from nine project
areas under Indore and Ujjain Divisions in the state of Madhya Pradesh
from October 2008 – June 2009. Results:
A total of 45 centers were evaluated. 29 centers were operating from
rented buildings and storage facilities were lacking at 19 of the
centers.
Though the quality of food was acceptable to the beneficiaries shortage
of food was a problem at the centers. Absence of Pre-School Education
(PSE) and Nutrition and Health Education (NHED) Kits compromised PSE
and NHED activities at the centers. Unavailability of medicine kits,
lack of regular visits by the ANMs to the centers and absence of routine
health check up of beneficiaries were other problems encountered under
the project areas surveyed. Availability of a doctor under each project
area was stated as a major need by the workers. Conclusion:
Coordinated steps catering to different services provided at the centers
are needed to optimize the functioning of the ICDS scheme.
Key words: Anganwadi Centers, Anganwadi Workers, Integrated Child Development
Scheme |
|
|
This Article |
|
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010;1-3
Original Article |
Bassey E, Moses AE, Udo SM, Umo AN.
The Impact of
Immunization Control Activities on Measles Outbreaks in Akwa Ibom State,
South-South, Nigeria. |
|
Abstract: Background:
The increase of vaccination rates means that fewer children will be
vulnerable to vaccine preventable diseases such as measles, which will
invariably result in a drop in the infant mortality and morbidity
rates. Objective: To assess the impact of the
implementation of measles reduction strategies from 2006 to 2008 using
the quarterly national program for immunization (NPI) in Akwa Ibom
state,
Nigeria. Method:
Following
informed consent, individuals presenting with febrile rash illnesses
were routinely bled and tested for measles specific IgM using
commercially
available ELISA kit-MV-ELISA (Enzygnost; Behring Diagnostics, Marburg,
Germany) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Results:
A total of four hundred and four individuals comprising of 216
vaccinated and 188 unvaccinated, presenting with febrile rash
illness were screened for measles specific IgM antibodies as indication
of active infection between January 2006 and December 2008 out of which
122 (30.2%) had detectable levels of measles antibodies. Among the
vaccinated
and unvaccinated groups, 32 (14.8%) and 90 (47.9%) respectively were
detected with measles IgM antibodies. The highest and lowest antibody
levels were detected in 2006 (vaccinated: 54.7%; unvaccinated: 78.4%)
and 2008 (vaccinated: 1.2%; unvaccinated: 12%) respectively. The
distribution
of measles burden by year show an overall decline in prevalence from
70% in 2006, 8.9% in 2007 to 3.7% in 2008. While, children under the
age of 5 similarly had a decline in measles incidence of 73.3%, 10.7%
and 3.3% respectively. Sex distribution of infection within the 3-year
period shows that more females (37.4%) than males (21.2%) expressed
measles IgM antibodies, and active infection was detected more in the
rural (31.4%) than urban area (27.7%). However, findings indicate a
tremendous decline in active infection in the rural areas from 67% in
2006 to 0% in 2008, and in the urban areas from 78% in 2006 to 9.3%
in 2008 among both vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. A highly
significant
reduction in measles infection was observed more among males than
females
(P=0.009). Infection distribution by location did not show any
significant
difference (P=0.65) even though more individuals in the rural areas
were noted with active infection. Conclusion: The study shows
a highly significant reduction in measles burden among vaccinated
individuals
(P=0.0001) and invariably increases protective coverage of measles
vaccination
most especially among children under 5 years of age (P=0.0066) in the
state. Findings justify effort by government and WHO in carrying
immunization
campaigns in children, 5-years and below irrespective of vaccination
status and experience.
Key words: Measles vaccination, measles-specific IgM, Akwa Ibom state |
|
|
This Article |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010;1-4
Original Article |
Gupta SK, Sarawagi R.
Knowledge, attitude and perception regarding national health programmes among villagers of Chauras, Tehri-Garhwal, Uttarakhand. |
|
Abstract: Background
and Objective: Science India became independent; several measures
have been undertaken by the national government to improve the health
of the people. Prominent among these measures are the national health
programmes. The main objective of these National Health programme are
protection and promotion of national and individual health. The main
objective of this study was to access the knowledge, attitude and
perception
regarding various national health programme among the villagers. Methods:
It is a descriptive and observational study. The study subjects
comprised
273 respondents; belong to 15 to 64 years group. The collection tool
used was a pre designed questionnaire, which was pre-tested. Results:
60% of respondents were adult and about 16 percent were educated up
to primary level and more than 40% belonged to Scheduled caste. Nearly
20% were aware about National AIDS Control Programme and 6.59% have
clear knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Only 4.02 % knew about the national
vector borne disease control programme and 24% women clearly knew about
exclusive breast feeding, Peripheral health workers were most common
source of information regarding these programme. 64% of respondents
were told that these national health programmes are good. Conclusion:
low level of knowledge was observes among the respondent regarding
National
Health programmes.
Key words: National Health Programme, Knowledge, Attitude, Perception, Respondent |
|
|
This Article |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010;1-5
Original Article |
Bawankule S, Quazi SZ, Gaidhane A, Khatib N.
Delay in DOTS for
new pulmonary tuberculosis patient from rural area of Wardha District,
India. |
|
Abstract: Vast majority of active
tuberculosis patients seeks treatment, do so promptly, still many
patients
spend a great deal of time and money “shopping for health” and too
often they do not receive either accurate diagnosis or effective
treatment,
despite spending considerable resources. Objective:
To find out the time taken
to, for diagnosis of tuberculosis and to put
patient
on DOTS from the onset of symptoms and pattern of health seeking
behavior
of new pulmonary tuberculosis patients. A
cross-sectional rapid assessment using qualitative (FGD) and
quantitative
(Interview) methods conducted at DOTS center of tertiary care
hospital from rural Wardha. Participants:
53 pulmonary tuberculosis patients already on DOTS, in intensive phase.
Main outcome measure: Delay in initiation of DOTS & health
seeking
behavior Results: Median total delay for starting DOTS was 111
days, (range: 10 to 321 days). Patient delay was more than provider
delay. Patients delay was more in patients above 60 years, illiterate,
per-capita income below 650 Rupees and HIV TB co-infection.
Pattern of health seeking behavior
was complex. Family physician was the preferred health care provider.
Patient visited on an average four providers and spent around 1450
rupees
(only direct cost) before DOTS begin. Time taken from the onset of
symptoms
and start of DOT is a cause of concern for the tuberculosis control
program. Early case detection is important rather than mere achieving
target of 70% new case detection. Program manager
needs to implement locally relevant
& focused strategies for early case detection to improve the
treatment
success, especially in rural area of India
Key words: Tuberculosis, RNTCP, DOTS treatment delays, health seeking behavior |
|
|
This Article |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010;1-6
Original Article |
Kumar PN, Shinge N, Parameshwar S.
Bed blockers: A study
on the elderly patients in a teaching hospital in India. |
|
Abstract: A
cross-sectional
study of in-patients over the age of 60 years was conducted at district
McGann Hospital, Shimoga on patients who were classified as bed
blockers.
Level of dependency and cognitive function of these patients were
assessed
using Barthel scale and Abbreviated mental test (AMT) respectively.
Median age of the study population was 67 years; majority of them were
men. Most of them were admitted in the medical ward and the median time
to be labeled as bed blocker was 32 days. These bed blockers were a
weak group of patients with an average 3.1 pathology per case. Majority
of them suffered from neurological disorders and cardiovascular
disease.
High level of dependence was noted with a mean Barthel score of 29.68
(Range 0 -100). Low levels of cognitive function was also noted among
these patients with a mean AMT of 4.76 (Range 0 -10).These findings
demonstrate that the bed blockers in McGann hospital suffer
not only from genuine health problems but also have a high dependency
level in activities of daily living which hamper their discharge to
the community. Community based rehabilitation using an intersectoral approach
may help at least the less dependent to return home.
Key words:
Bed blockers,
Barthel score, Abbreviated mental test
|
|
|
This Article |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010;1-7
Original Article |
Garg S, Kumar A, Singh KD.
Blood pressure response to Cold Pressor
Test in the children of hypertensives. |
|
Abstract: Two
hundred student volunteers of 16-24 yrs were divided into two groups
of 100 each, as children of hypertensive and children of normotensive
parents. It was observed that there was no difference in resting SBP
and DBP in both groups before CPT. After CPT, significant higher values
of SBP after immersion, DBP after immersion, difference of SBP and
difference
of DBP were observed in children of hypertensive parents as compared
to children of normotensive parents. This study can be used as a
predictor
of future development of hypertension for which early preventive
measures
can be taken to reduce the morbidity and mortality due to hypertensive
complications.
Key words: Cold pressor test, Children, Hypertension |
|
|
This Article |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010;1-8
Original Article |
Eweka AO, Eweka A.
The effects of sildenafil ciltrate on the lateral geniculate body of adult
Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) - A histological study. |
|
Abstract: The histological effect
of oral administration of sildenafil citrate (Viagra), commonly used
as an aphrodisiac and for the treatment of erectile dysfunction on one
of the visual relay centres namely the lateral geniculate body (LGB)
of adult Wistar rat was carefully studied. The rats of both sexes
(n=24),
average weight of 202g were randomly assigned into three treatment
(n=18)
and control (n=6) groups. The rats in the treatment groups ‘A’,
‘B’ and ‘C’ received respectively, 0.25mg/kg, 0.70mg/kg and
1.43mg/kg body weight of sildenafil citrate base dissolved in distilled
water daily for 30 days, through orogastric feeding tube, while that
of the control group D, received equal volume of distilled water daily
during the period of the experiment. The rats were fed with growers’
mash obtained from Edo Feeds and Flour Mill Ltd, Ewu, Edo State, Nigeria
and were given water liberally. The rats were sacrificed on day
thirty-one
of the experiment. The lateral geniculate body (LGB) was carefully
dissected
out and quickly fixed in 10% formal saline for histological studies.
The histological findings after H&E method indicated that the
treated
section of the lateral geniculate body (LGB) showed some varying degree
of reduced cellular population based on its sparse distribution,
degenerative
changes, cellular hypertrophy, and intercellular vacuolations appearing
in the stroma. Varying dosage and long administration of sildenafil
citrate may have some deleterious effects on the neurons of the
intracranial
visual relay centre and this may probably have some adverse effects
on visual sensibilities by its deleterious effects on the cells of the
lateral geniculate body (LGB) of adult Wistar rats. It is therefore
recommended that further studies aimed at corroborating these
observations
be carried out.
Key words: Sildenafil
citrate, lateral geniculate body, decreased cellular population,
cellular hypertrophy, vacuolations, Wistar rats |
|
|
This Article |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010;1-9
Case Report |
Akhator A, Oside CP, Inikori A, Nwanchokor FN.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour: A rare tumour of the breast.. |
|
Abstract: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour is a rare tumour
of the breast and this report highlights the radiological
and histological features and the difficulties in making a diagnosis.
A high index of suspicion when dealing with a breast lesion that has
both cystic and solid components in a background of von Recklingausen’s neurofibromatosis will make the
diagnosis
easier.
Key words: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour, von Recklingausen’s neurofibromatosis, breast. |
|
|
This Article |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010;1-10
Case Report |
Gupta A, Bansal S, Bhagat S, Bahl A.
Malignant peripheral
nerve sheath tumor of the cervical vagus nerve in a neurofibromatosis
type 1 patient - An unusual presentation. |
|
Abstract: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
(MPNST’S) of the head and neck comprise 2% to 6% of head and neck
sarcomas. These tumors may arise as sporadic variants or in patients
with neurofibromatosis (NF). Development of these MPNST’s is one of
the serious complications of neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1). To our knowledge there are
only two reported cases of MPNST’s arising in the cervical vagal nerve,
occurring in NF1 patients. We present here an NF1 patient who developed
an MPNST of the cervical vagus nerve and presented only with a cervical
swelling and hoarseness.
Key words: Peripheral nerve sheath tumor,
malignant, neurofibromatosis, vagus nerve |
|
|
This Article |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010;1-11
Case Report |
Sarmila N, Joshi PS, Vani R.
Idiopathic Infantile
arterial calcification – A Very rare case. |
|
Abstract: A rare case of
Idiopathic Arterial Calcification of Infancy (IACI),
inherited as an autosomal recessive disease, is reported.
Key words: Arterial calcification, Infancy, Autosomal recessive |
|
|
This Article |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010;1-12
Case Report |
Desai SR, Shinagare SA.
Severe
Eosinophilic Endometritis Following Diagnostic Curettage. |
|
Abstract: Severe
Eosinophilic
Endometritis appears after injury from a preoperative diagnostic
procedure.
It is an unusual and distinctive inflammatory uterine disease process,
in response to eosinophil chemotactic substances. We report this case
of a 55-year-old lady who developed severe eosinophilic endometritis
following a diagnostic curettage.
Key words: Eosinophilic endometritis, curettage |
|
|
This Article |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010;1-13
Case Report |
Vijay Shankar S, Usha R.
Epidermoid cyst of spleen. |
|
Abstract: Splenic cysts
are very rare lesions, most of them being parasitic systs. Nonparasitic
cysts are uncommon. We report a case of young female who presented with
mass and pain abdomen. Ultrasound examination revealed splenic syst.
The diagnosis of epidermoid cyst was made based on characteristic lining
on histopathological examination
Key words: Epidermoid cyst, Spleen |
|
|
This Article |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010;1-14
Case Report |
Singhal SK, Arora V, Dass A.
An unusual foriegn body of esophagus. |
|
Abstract: We report a rare case of
an unusually long foreign body (Datun) impacted in the esophagus of a 56 year-old
gentleman. He was literate, without any psychiatric illness and had been using
“Neem” (Azadirachta
indica) stick for cleaning his teeth for the past twenty years. Neem twigs
are used for brushing teeth, perhaps one of the earliest and very effective dental care.
On closer questioning he revealed his habit of passing the Neem stick into his throat
with the aim of cleaning it too while cleaning his teeth. He presented to our emergency
early in the morning with this strange long foreign body impacted in his esophagus
which was removed successfully using a Jackson’s adult rigid oesophagoscope. We believe
this to be the first case of such an unusually long foreign body to be reported in the
literature.
Key words: Foreign body, Esophagus, Neem
stick |
|
|
This Article |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Published: July 30, 2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
