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Volume-19 (2020);
No. 1 (January-March)
Published on May 31, 2020
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2020;1:1
Original Article |
Nath NJ, Sharma S, Shukla T.
Exploring the Liaising Role of Community Health Workers in the Bordering Region of India-Bangladesh: A Mix-Method Approach. |
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Abstract: The Community Health Workers (CHWs) function as liaisons between communities and public health systems through educating, informing, and creating awareness about healthy lives and healthcare facilities. Existing studies have emphasized the importance of CHWs for Universal Health Coverage (UHC), but overlooked the challenges they face during delivery of the services. This study seeks to assess the multiple roles of health workers, the challenges and barriers they face during the delivery of services in the peripheral region of India. The study triangulates the findings of qualitative interviews with quantitative findings. 16 CHWs were interviewed in the three districts of Assam adjacent to the Indo-Bangladesh border areas. Besides, a cross-sectional survey with 355 women who gave birth in the last year or were pregnant (during the time of the survey) was conducted to substantiate the qualitative findings. The in-depth interviews broadly focus on the daily activities of the workers, which includes services towards reproductive and child healthcare, and vaccination and immunization services. The mix-method study analysis included thematic framework approach followed by the interpretation and exerts from the in-depth interviews and substantiated by the descriptive statistics. The analysis reveals that majority of the respondents rely on the services of the CHWs from minor ailments to registering for pregnancy, assistance with financial services provided by the government, assisting during pregnancy, arranging transportation for the hospital, assisting with abortion, assisting child immunization, educating about a healthy lifestyle. The significant challenges that the workers face are the incentive and remuneration structure, along with the inadequate supply of medical equipment and medicines. The socio-economic condition of the community, as well as the geographical terrain, adds more to the challenges and barriers. The health administrators must enhance the working conditions of the CHWs through restructuring the incentive pattern and easy access to health deliverables.
Key words: Community Health Workers, Rural Health, Indo-Bangladesh Border |
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This Article |
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2020;1:2
Original Article |
Singh N, Singh S, Kshatriya GK.
Determination of Age at Menarche and its Association with Socio-Economic Status and Physical Activity: A Study Among Tibetan Adolescent Girls of Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh, India. |
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Abstract: Background: Age at menarche (AAM) marks the formal beginning of sexual maturation in girls. Present study focuses on determining the AAM among Tibetan girls and its association with socio-economic status (SES) and physical activity level. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 276 Tibetan adolescent girls (13 to 18 years) in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. Data was collected using a proforma, consisting of questions regarding socio-demographic profile, AAM and physical activity level (PAQ-A). Data was entered in MS-Excel and analyzed in SPSS 20.0. Results: Early menarche was observed in majority of girls with most frequent AAM as 13 years for the sample. A significant difference of AAM categories was found with SES and level of physical activity.
Conclusion: Girls who were in better socio-economic category and were physically more active attained menarche at an earlier age in comparison to others.
Key words: Adolescents, Physical activity, Age at menarche, Socio-economic status, Tibetan |
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This Article |
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2020;1:3
Original Article |
Neogi S.
Improving Access to Sterilization Services through Public Private Partnership: Cases from Rajasthan. |
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Abstract: Introduction: Under the National Rural Health Mission, the government has promoted several Public Private Partnership schemes to extend health services to the rural populations; sterilization is one such service. Rajasthan, one of its high focus districts, has adopted the scheme. Objective: Examine the capacity and perception of the private providers to reduce barriers to accessing sterilization services in Rajasthan. Methodology: Case study design is adopted in the study with purposively selected private providers from two districts of Rajasthan. Results: There is diversity in the capacity of different providers, in the scheme, to deliver accessible services. Besides, their perceptions about barriers to access also vary. Discussion: Three broad phenomena emerge: first, the role of the private sector in bridging the barriers to access is limited; second, their role is shaped by their perceptions about barriers to access; and third, the emphasis of the scheme is more towards the promotion of private facilities than ensuring access.
Key words: Public Private Partnership, Reproductive Health, Sterilization, Access, Capacity, Perception, NRHM, Mission Parivar Vikas |
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2020;1:4
Original Article |
Dallal MMS, Yaghoubi S, Dezhkam A, Yavari S, Jamee A.
Rapid Identification of Mutations in Quinolone-Resistant Shigella Isolates by Scanning of gyrA and parC Genes using High-Resolution Melting Curve Analysis. |
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Abstract: Objectives: Mutations in the quinolone resistance–determining regions (QRDRs) of the topoisomerase genes are considered to be a primary mechanism of quinolone and fluoroquinolone resistance. The objective of this study was to identify the most common gyrA and parC mutations in Shigella spp., with the high-resolution melting (HRM) method. Methods: A total of 40 Shigella isolates analyzed for antibiotic susceptibility nalidoxic acid (NAL) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) by disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and high resolution melt curve analysis were done for detection of common mutation in gyrA and parC genes. Results: The MIC for 5 of the NAL and CIP-resistant isolates was ≥ 256, and the MIC in 30 NAL-resistant isolates was ≥ 8. The Tm of the wild-type gyrA allele was 83.5–83.8°C while that of the mutant strains (S83L and D87G) were at 83.9–84.2°C. In the parC gene, the Tm for the wild-type allele was at 85.5–85.8°C, and the mutant-type allele’s Tm was at 85.30–85.50°C. Conclusions: High-Resolution melting curve PCR analysis clearly decreases the sequencing labor involved in monitoring quinolone-resistance genes for mutations and is practicable for a wide-ranging quinolone-resistance monitoring program.
Key words: Shigellosis, DNA gyrase, Topoisomerase IV, High-resolution melting |
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This Article |
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2020;1:5
Original Article |
Divya C, Gupta C, Tewari S, Kalthur SG, Palimar V.
Histogenesis and Histomorphometric Study of Human Foetal Cerebellar Cortex. |
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Abstract: Background: It has been seen that there is progressive loss of Purkinje cells in various genetic conditions like ataxia telangiectasia and Niemann Pick disease type C. So, this study was carried out to analyse the histogenesis of human fetal cerebellar cortex. Methods: The study was conducted in the 30 aborted foetuses. The development of various layers of the cerebellar cortex is studied. All the layers of cerebellum were measured using image analyzer software-image pro premier 9.1. Data analysis was done by regular Statistical method. Results: The thickness of the 3 layers shows a gradual increase that indicates the developmental aspect of the 3 layers of the Embryo. The purkinje cells appeared during the 4th month of embryonic period. Conclusion: The present study will facilitates in the identification of various pathological lesion of cerebellum which may develop in intrauterine life of fetus.
Key words: Cerebellum, Purkinje cell, Aborted Fetus, Gestational Age, Niemann Pick disease type C |
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This Article |
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2020;1:6
Short Report |
Kamath BJN, Jain M, Madegowda A, Nazeer E.
A Novel Simulation Model for Digital Extensor Tendon Injury Repair Training. |
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Abstract: Injuries of extensor tendons of hand are more commonly seen than flexor tendons in emergency department. More often these injuries are initially evaluated and managed by the residents. Results of extensor tendon injury repair are often suboptimal even in the hands of experienced surgeons. While there are many simulation models to train repair of flexor tendon injuries, there is paucity of similar models mimicking extensor tendon injuries. Due to the variable cross-sectional size of the extensor tendon in different zones, it is even more important for the trainees to be acquainted with the intricacies of its repair. Thus, we propose a novel and practical simulation model of extensor tendon injuries for better training of residents and junior surgeons.
Key words: Simulation model, Extensor tendon injuries, Novel, Residents |
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This Article |
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2020;1:7
Short Report |
Covantev S, Mazuruc N, Ambarcumian M, Belic O.
Splenic Artery Aneurysms: A Morphological Assessment. |
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Abstract: Vascular diseases of the spleen are relatively uncommon in clinical practice. Nevertheless, the reported incidence is increasing every year, possibly due to advances in the imaging techniques and increased attention towards disorders of the spleen. Among all splenic vascular diseases aneurisms and pseudoaneursims are of major clinical significance due to their complications. In this study, we present five cases of splenic artery aneurism, which presents 4.63% out of 108 organ complexes. We also provide a detailed description of the cases therefore demonstrating their variability. The splenic artery branched into two arteries of the I order in 75%, three arteries – 11.11%, four arteries – 4.63%, without branching – 9.26%. There were superior polar arteries in 37.96% and inferior polar arteries in 42.59%. There was no correlation between the presence of SAAs and the length or width of the spleen, splenic artery diameter, number of terminal branches or polar arteries (p>0.05).
Key words: Dissection, Spleen, Splenic artery, Splenic artery aneurysms |
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2020;1:8
Case Report |
Nayak S, Soumya KV.
Quadrifurcation of Left Coronary Artery – An Extremely Rare Variation that can Lead to Acute Coronary Artery Syndrome. |
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Abstract: Coronary arteries present many variation and those variations have been well documented. Some of the variations of these arteries are life threatening since they compromise the myocardial irrigation and also pose challenges in per cutaneous cardiac catheterizations. A rare variation of left coronary artery was noted during routine dissection classes. The left coronary artery had a diameter of 6mm at its origin and after a course of 4mm, it quadrifurcated. Among the four branches, one was anterior interventricular, one was circumflex and the other two were intermediate ventricular branches. The quadrifurcation might be of interest to cardiologists and radiologists.
Key words: Coronary, Heart, Cardiac, Artery, Variation |
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This Article |
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2020;1:9
Case Report |
Bhat S, Vyas ANB, Mahajan KR, Vishwanath V.
Rare Case of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma of the Thyroid. |
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Abstract: Thyroid lymphoma is a rare cancer constituting 1% to 2% of all thyroid cancers and less than 2% of lymphomas. Thyroid Lymphomas are usually all Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and most are B cell in origin. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) of the thyroid gland is a rare disease with an incidence of 0.5 per 100,000 population. We present the case of a middle aged male patient with Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma of thyroid with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis with no cervical lymph nodes.
Key words: Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, Thyroid Lymphoma |
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This Article |
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2020;1:10
Case Report |
Khadilkar UN, Pooja KS, Shetty R, Baid A, Sreeram S.
Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of Prostate: Report of an Unusual Tumor. |
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Abstract: Prostatic sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC) is an extremely rare type of malignant tumor of prostate. A 57 years old man presented to the outpatient department with lower urinary tract symptoms and altered bowel habits. Clinical assessment revealed a stony hard prostate with normal serum prostate specific antigen (PSA). Histopathology of the prostatic biopsy revealed spindle cell tumor with brisk mitosis. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity with cytokeratin and vimentin in these cells, an uncommon finding, clinching the diagnosis of SC.
Key words: Prostate, Sarcomatoid carcinoma, Cytokeratin, Aggressive |
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