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Volume-20 (2021);
No. 4 (October-December)
Published on January 31, 2022
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2021;4:1
Original Article |
Neog N, Buragohain PP.
Utilization of Healthcare Services and Associated Factors among Households in Assam, India. |
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Abstract: Background: Despite the government's continuous efforts for improving healthcare services in the country, utilization of healthcare services is still a serious concern in India. Adequate, affordable, and accessible healthcare services could effectively reduce morbidity. Objectives: This study was performed to examine the pattern of healthcare services utilization among households of Assam along with factors determining utilization of healthcare services. Methods: This study was based on primary data collected from 771 randomly selected households from four districts of Assam. Structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-economic, demographic, morbidity details, and utilization pattern. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to understand the factors determining utilization of healthcare services. Results: There were 829 reported illness cases in the study area during the reference period, of which 87.67% cases were treated at medical institutions, 4.94% cases were self-treated and for 7.35% cases no medical treatment have been sought. In both rural and urban areas private healthcare facilities are the most preferred healthcare provider. Majority (41.32%) households were very satisfied with the service provided by private health facilities. Logistic regression analysis revealed that occupation and age of the household head; household’s monthly income, size of the household, distance to the nearest health facility and insurance status were the main factors influencing utilization of healthcare services. Conclusion: The study revealed that low income households in rural areas utilized private health services. Though households from rural areas have easy access to public health facilities than private health facilities, lower income households were forced to seek treatment from private sector by paying higher charges. Due to poor quality services in public sector, likelihood of visiting private health facility is increased. There is need to improve public health infrastructure along with quality of healthcare services in rural areas, only physical access to health institution may no ensure proper utilization.
Key words: Utilization, Healthcare, Morbidity, Assam |
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2021;4:2
Original Article |
Malakar B, Roy SK.
Nutritional Status and its Concomitants of Two Contrasting Occupational Groups: A Study on Santal Community of Birbhum District, West Bengal, India. |
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Abstract: Background: It is well documented that nutritional status is essential for better productivity and overall health and well-being of the population and the nation at large. However, a large section of workers particularly in developing countries were still lagging behind the satisfactory level in nutritional condition that needs to be addressed. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the nutritional status and its concomitants between two contrasting occupational groups. Methods: Cross-sectional data on selected anthropometric, socio-economic variables, energy intake and expenditure were collected from 204 adult Santal participants, who were engaged as stone mine work and agricultural work. Results: Most of the anthropometric traits were similar between two groups, irrespective of sex except MUAC, WC and HC were greater among stone mine workers compared to the agricultural workers. Around 27% of males and 60% females of stone mine workers and around 40% of males and 34% females of agricultural workers suffer from chronic energy deficiency. Nutritional status of stone mine workers was influenced by education and calorie expenditure. Again, nutritional status of agricultural workers was influenced by economic condition and calorie expenditure. Conclusion: The study indicated that a considerable number of participants irrespective of occupation suffer from chronic energy deficiency. Education, economic condition and calorie expenditure of the participants are likely to influence nutritional status of both the labourer population.
Key words: BMI, Chronic Energy Deficiency, Educational status, Occupation, Santal |
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2021;4:3
Original Article |
Devi NI, Singh NS, Singh KhJ.
Human Fertility Transition Through Three Generations in Manipur, India. |
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Abstract: Introduction: According to National Family Health Survey (NFHS) - 4 figures with two contrasting demographic nations in India, most of northeast states have still a long way to go before they achieve the nationally awaited fertility level of 2.1 children while all south states and most of the north states have achieved the level. Aim: To explore the fertility levels transited through three generations and also to determine the causal factors of above fertility replacement level in Manipur. Materials and Methods: A sample of 1145 married women aged below 50 years was collected in 2018 under cluster sampling design in rural areas of Manipur Valley. Results: The mean fertility was found to be high as 3.5 children which was transited in patrilineal from three generations such as first, 4.8; second, 4.9; and third, 5.6. Conclusion: The logistic regression models detect six significant causal factors thereof say education, marriage age, fertility of 2nd and 3rd generations, contraceptives use and husband's employment. It may be the baseline information for North East India.
Key words: Education, marriage age, son preference, third birth |
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2021;4:4
Original Article |
Poonam TM, Sansare S, Katwala R, Singh P.
A Prospective Study on Comparison of Fetal Weight Estimation by Clinical Methods and Ultrasound and its Correlation with True Birth Weight in Term Pregnancies. |
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Abstract: Background: Estimation of fetal weight is at most important in effective managing of obstetric labour. Ultrasound is a standard technique to measure the weight but there is scarcity of ultrasonography at remote areas. In such situations clinical techniques can be considered for fetal weight calculation. Our study has compared both clinical methods and
ultrasonography (USG) and to correlate with true weight at birth. Objective: To compare the fetal weight estimation by
clinical methods and ultrasonographic method and its comparison with true birth weight in pregnancy at term. Material and Methods: A
diagnostic study (Longitudinal study) was carried out at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department at tertiary care hospital to compare the precision of clinical and USG estimation of weight of the fetus with actual birth weight at term. One hundred pregnant women satisfying the criteria were considered and consent for the study were enlisted. Both USG and clinical methods were
used. The fetal weight calculated by the above three methods was compared with true birth weight of the baby. Analysis of the precision of the various methods was done. Results: In our study population, the mean age was 25.29±4.45. The average absolute error by EFW
(estimated fetal weight)-USG method was least, 117.81g. Among the clinical methods the average absolute error by EFW-Dare's was least i.e. 145.40g. The Correlation
Co-efficient was highest with USG method (0.80) of estimation of fetal weight. Among clinical methods, Johnson's formula had highest R Value of 0.79 followed by Dare's formula
at 0.76. The EFW using both Dare's formula and Johnson's formula had an excellent predictive validity in predicting actual weight. The EFW using Johnson's formula had sensitivity of 76.06% and Dare's formula had sensitivity of 73.24% in predicting actual weight. The EFW using USG method had highest sensitivity of 80.28%. It was seen in this study that clinical methods can reliably estimate EFW and can be used in settings where USG is not available. Conclusion: Estimation of fetal weight by
clinical techniques has a significant role in obstetric labour and delivery. The clinical methods are easy and cost effective and applicable universally in predicting fetal weight. They can be used even by midwives and in remote areas where Ultrasonography is not readily available. It can be used as an integral part in the management of obstetric labour and delivery in remote primary health centres.
Key words: Estimated
fetal birth weight, Johnson's formula, Dare's formula, Hadlock's formula, Ultrasonography. |
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2021;4:5
Original Article |
Tu TT, Khue PM, Hai DN, Minh DQ, Dung NT.
Point-prevalence of Hospital-Acquired Infections at Vietnamese Urban Hospital. |
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Abstract: Background: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections among inpatients at a public hospital in Vietnam, and analyze the factors associated with this condition.
Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2018 and 2019 on 1463 patients at Thanh Nhan Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam. The point-prevalence of hospital-acquired infections was assessed. A multivariable logistic regression model was applied to identify factors related to hospital-acquired infections. Results: Among 1463 patients, 88 patients had hospital-acquired infections (6.0%), with mainly surgical site infections (37.5%), upper respiratory tract infection (23.9%) and pneumonia (13.6%). Most common bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (27.8%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.9%) and Acinetobacter spp. (8.3%). Being females (OR=2.01, 95% CI=1.17-3.45), having heart-related diseases (OR=3.60, 95% CI=1.96-6.63), having surgery (OR=7.82, 95% CI=3.80-16.09) and higher days from hospitalization to HAI examination date (OR=1.07, 95% CI=1.04-1.10) were factors associated with a higher likelihood of suffering from HAIs.
Conclusion: Future interventions should focus on the prevention and control of hospital-acquired infections in patients undergoing surgery and in patients with heart-related diseases and patients with the prolonged hospital stay.
Key words: Hospital-acquired infection, Prevalence, hospital, Surgery |
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2021;4:6
Original Article |
Hassen HM, Behera MR, Jena PK, Dewey RS, Disassa GA.
Mental Health Literacy of Adolescents and the Effect of Socio-demographic Characteristics: A Cross-sectional Study in Urban Ethiopia. |
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Abstract: Background: Mental health literacy is a modifiable factor that influences mental health outcomes. Understanding such factors and their interaction with the socio-demographic characteristics of adolescent populations is of paramount importance in the design of targeted and effective promotions to improve mental health conditions. There is a limited amount of such evidence in low-income countries, including Ethiopia. Consequently, this study examined mental health literacy level and socio-demographic effects among adolescent students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescent students in urban Ethiopia using a pre-existing questionnaire. A sample of 934 adolescents in public and private schools was approached using multistage random sampling, with an 80.10% response rate. Statistical analysis was used involving descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA and hierarchical multivariable linear regression analysis. Statistical significance was considered at a threshold of p<0.05 and 95% CI were computed. Results: The mental health literacy score was normally distributed with mean =135.98 and SD=15.50. Mental health literacy was higher among female than male respondents (138.12 versus 133.84; p<0.01) and differently affected by socio-demographic factors. The combined factors of ethnicity/cultural affiliation, school grade, and level of parental education accounted for 10.7% and 8.9% of the variability in mental health literacy of female and male respondents, respectively. Ethnicity/cultural affiliation contributed the highest variability (6.3% in female and 6.1% in male respondents). Conclusions: Mental health literacy was consistent with that reported in similar studies. Promotion of adolescent mental health through improving mental health literacy requires gender-based and culturally congruent approaches. Despite there being minimal contribution from socio-demographic factors, it is imperative that these differences are considered. This study highlights the need to understand other factors affecting the variability in adolescent mental health literacy.
Key words: Adolescent mental health, mental health literacy, mental health promotion |
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2021;4:7
Original Article |
George RS, Mehrotra S, Paulomi MS.
Treatment Acceptability and Preference for Psychotherapy and Medication in Patients with Common Mental Disorders in an Indian Tertiary Care Setting. |
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Abstract: A significant proportion of the general population suffers from common mental disorders (CMD) and psychological interventions are recognized as the first line of interventions for the same. The present study explored treatment acceptability for medication and psychotherapy in persons with common mental health conditions availing outpatient services in a tertiary care setting in India. The study involved fifty participants with CMDs who were administered the Treatment Acceptability and Preference measure for psychotherapy and medication and asked to indicate their preference for psychotherapy, medication or combined treatment. Psychotherapy was seen to be more effective, appropriate, having less risks of side effects, more convenient, associated with greater willingness and had greater overall acceptability than medications. Roughly half of the participants preferred either psychotherapy alone or a combination treatment. The findings highlighted that patients with CMDs seeking treatment in an Indian tertiary care setting rated psychotherapy as higher on acceptability than medication and indicated a preference for psychotherapy, either as a stand-alone treatment or in combination with medication.
Key words: Common mental disorders, Treatment acceptability, Treatment Preference, Psychotherapy, Medication |
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2021;4:8
Original Article |
Nayak M, Prabhu SS, Sreedhar D, Ligade VS.
Global Trends on Use of Cosmetics During Pregnancy: A Bibliometric Analysis of Literature Published During 1962-2021. |
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Abstract: Background: Cosmetic and beauty products though not essential for physical health, go a long way in providing mental well-being and confidence, and hence are used substantially. Chemicals included in cosmetic products have a direct impact on the human body, entering the blood stream and potentially harming women's fertility and reproductive health, which has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Objective: Aim of the research was to assess bibliometric features and conduct systematic trend analysis on the literature available on cosmetics usage during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: We analysed all the published documents that included the keywords
"cosmetics" and "pregnancy" between 1962 and 2021. We performed a detailed bibliometric assessment in this field. Results: A total of 902 articles were retrieved from the databases provided by Scopus, in which most were original articles 632 (70.06%). The US ranked first and dominated the literature with 284 (31.48%) documents followed by United Kingdom, Germany and France (7.42%, 5.98%, 4.65%) respectively. The most studied subject area was medicine followed by Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (76.82%, 17.18%). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was the most productive institution followed by University of California, San Francisco (1.77%, 1.55%). Conclusion: According to our study most of the institutions and authors were from developed countries. The researchers need take up the study from developing and underdeveloped countries. More consideration is needed to be given by the Indian researchers to conduct quality research on cosmetics usage during pregnancy and determine which cosmetic products may be responsible for elevated risk.
Key words: Cosmetics, Pregnancy, Bibliometrics, Publication analysis, Statistics |
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2021;4:9
Original Article |
Iyer M, Sharma R, Sahasrabudhe S, Hirani N.
Just One Hour Reduction in Online Gaming Time May Enhance Mental Health in Indian University Students: A COVID Pandemic Study. |
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Abstract: Background: College students have taken to massive multiplayer online games (MMOG) for entertainment during this COVID pandemic. However, it could jeopardize their mental health risk if unregulated.
Aim: This study aims to examine the relationship between gaming hours and key components of mental health viz self-compassion and online/offline integration, along with the role of time as a moderator in the relationship.
Methods: A sample of 515 students who play MMOGs completed a set of standardized questionnaires. Descriptive, inferential analyses and moderated multiple regression were performed to study these relationships.
Result: The results demonstrated a positive correlation between low game time, self-compassion and integration of online/offline life. Gamers with high self-compassion devoted lesser number of hours and tended to be well integrated in terms of their identity, social relations and functions in both online and offline lives as compared to gamers with low self-compassion who played for extensive hours.
Conclusion: Limiting the game time by a couple of hours and incorporation of self-compassion intervention can evade the risks of gaming addiction and other related psychological disorders.
Key words: Self-compassion, Massive multiplayer online games, Online/offline integration |
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2021;4:10
Original Article |
Ominde BS, Igbigbi PS.
Morphometry of the Occipital Condyles in Adult Nigerians. |
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Abstract: Objective: To determine the morphometric parameters of the occipital condyle (OC) in adult Nigerians using computed tomography (CT). Methods: Following ethical approval, the morphometric parameters of the OC of 336 adult Nigerians (199 males, 137 females) aged ≥20 years were measured on brain CT images stored at the Radiology Department of a tertiary hospital. Results: Males had significantly larger metric parameters than females. The measurements showed significant differences in the various 10 years' age groups. The width, and distance from anterior tips to basion, and opisthion showed significant side differences. There was a significant positive correlation between the right, and left OC morphometric parameters (P<0.05). Conclusion: The morphometry of the OC in the studied population differed from previous literature reports. Therefore, consideration of population specific morphometry is paramount for safe craniovertebral junction surgeries and in the design of customised OC implants.
Key words: Occipital condyles, Dimensions, Craniovertebral, Surgery, Foramen magnum |
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2021;4:11
Original Article |
Senthilkumar, Youmash VP, Vysakh, Prabhu.
A Prospective Observational Study on Different Intentional Poisonings in a Tertiary Care Hospital and its Outcome. |
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Abstract: Background: Intentional poisoning is a very common clinical entity in developing countries like India where agriculture is practiced widely and insecticides being used to a greater extent. Awareness on the patterns of regional poisons and its overall profile will help in managing the toxicological emergencies effectively leading to better outcome. Aim: To determine the pattern and the socio-demographic profile of patients admitted with intentional poisoning in a tertiary care hospital and the in-hospital outcome of the same. Methods: This study was a prospective observational design done over a period of 6 months among intentional poisoning patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital in South India. Patients above or equal to 18 years of age who deliberately consumed poison with intention of self-harm were included. Various factors with regard to the poisons were assessed and their impact on outcome was studied. Results: Among the total 250 patients included in our study, the most commonly used poison was OPC 26 % (n=65) followed by rodenticide poison 23.6% (n=59). About 53.2% (n=133) were males and 46.8% (n=117) were females. Majority of our study population were middle aged (31-40 years) persons who comprised around 20.8% (n=52). Almost 46.8 % (n=117) of our study population belonged to upper lower socio-economic class according to Modified Kuppusamy scale. Majority of our patients (90.8%, n=227) arrived within 2 hours to the hospital. About 71.2% (n=178) patients were successfully discharged and about 23.6% died (n=59) due to various poisoning, with OPC poison being the most common poison to cause death around 55% (n=36). Mortality was higher in patients who presented late 2 hours after the consumption of poison (n=9). Conclusion: By assessing the various factors with regard to the patient and the poison in intentional poisoning patients, better strategies can be implemented to overcome the existing lacunae in the evaluation and management of poison cases. This poison burden also motivates us to focus more on preventive perspectives as mortality is higher in patients with poisoning inspite of utmost intensive care.
Key words: Intentional, Poisoning, Socio- demographic profile |
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2021;4:12
Short Report |
Sehgal S, Puri V.
Cross Match Incompatibilities in blood bank - A Perplexing Scenario. |
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Abstract: A safe transfusion is the one which provides specific and effective components which have a reasonably normal length of survival in the patient, doesn't cause any immediate or delayed reaction and, doesn't jeopardize the safety of future transfusions or transmit disease. Cross match provides a final chance to check ABO compatibility and a second chance to detect clinically significant antibodies. Incompatible cross match results are not an uncommon occurrence in Blood Bank. Knowledge of the various causes of incompatible cross match may be useful in formulating a logical and stepwise approach so as to provide safe transfusion to the recipient.
Key words: Cross Match, Incompatible, Blood Bank |
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2021;4:13
Case Report |
Covantev S, Baiceva I, Uzdenov R, Atakhadzhaev, Belic O.
Rare Arborization Pattern of the Facial Nerve. |
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Abstract: The arborization of the extratemporal facial nerve typically begins within the substance of the parotid gland and ultimately gives rise to the cervical, marginal mandibular, buccal, zygomatic, and frontal (or temporal) nerve branches. However, the number and branching pattern of these nerves is variable. Variations of development of the facial nerve are important to consider in surgery since they are vulnerable to trauma during rhytidectomy, parotidectomy, maxillofacial fracture reduction, and almost any surgery of the head and neck. We, therefore, present a case of an unusual branching pattern of the facial nerve with multiple terminal branches and several arcades along its course. The presence of multiple anastomoses is a potential protective factor in case of their damage during surgery.
Key words: Facial nerve, Dissection, Anatomy. |
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2021;4:14
Case Report |
Nair NR, Bagchi S, Mallya S.
Melorheostosis of the Radius Bone: An Incidental Finding. |
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Abstract: We report a case of Melorheostosis of the radius in a middle-aged woman, who presented with pain over her forearm and was incidentally diagnosed based on the radiological findings. CT scan and MRI gave further information about the extent of the disease. Patient was treated conservatively with brace application, analgesics and injection zoledronic acid which led to early symptomatic improvement.
Key words: Melorheostosis, Leri disease, Radius Bone. |
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2021;4:15
Case Report |
Manickam N, Gopalan K, Manoharan V, Vellaisamy SG.
Hermansky Pudlak Syndrome Associated Pulmonary Fibrosis. |
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Abstract: Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) was first described by Dr. Frantisek Hermansky and Dr. Paulus Pudlak in 1959. HPS is relatively common in Puerto Rico, in the northwestern region of the island. Other regions where HPS was reported include India, Japan, the United Kingdom and Western Europe. HPS is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder associated with mutations in nine distinct HPS gene subtypes, characterized by constellation of findings such as oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding diathesis, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, granulomatous colitis, neutropenia, and rarely renal failure and cardiomyopathy. The most grave complication of the syndrome is interstitial lung disease leading to irrevocable pulmonary fibrosis. HPS-1, HPS-2 and HPS-3 subtypes are associated with pulmonary fibrosis. We report a rare case of HPS in a 43 year old female associated with pulmonary fibrosis (PF).
Key words: Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome, Pulmonary fibrosis, Oculocutaneous albinism, Interstitial lung disease, Bleeding diathesis, Rare disease. |
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